TrendSpeak English

Category: Intermediate

Intermediate Level English Learning Contents

  • Global Rise of Mixed Martial Arts

    English Learning: Global Rise of Mixed Martial Arts

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hey Bob, have you noticed how much MMA is everywhere lately? It’s like you can’t scroll through social media without seeing someone throwing a kick!

    Bob: Oh, absolutely, Alice! It’s completely blown up. I mean, just a few years ago, it felt like a niche sport for hardcore fans. Now everyone’s talking about it!

    Alice: Right? My cousin, who used to only watch curling, is now passionately debating chokeholds. It’s wild!

    Bob: That’s amazing! It really has come a long way from the “human cockfighting” days. Now it’s a legitimate mainstream sport with incredible athletes.

    Alice: “Human cockfighting”? Yikes! Well, I admit I’ve been watching a few fights. The sheer athleticism is incredible. But sometimes I feel like I’m just watching two people grappling with each other on the floor for ages.

    Bob: Ah, the ground game! That’s where the real chess match happens, Alice! You’ve got your jiu-jitsu, your wrestling… it’s all about technique, not just brute force. Though, a good knockout punch is always thrilling, I won’t lie.

    Alice: I guess so. My heart definitely gets racing during those quick finishes. Like when someone lands a perfect head kick, and it’s all over in seconds. Blink and you miss it!

    Bob: Exactly! It’s a real spectacle. And the build-up to the big fights, the rivalries, the weigh-ins – it’s all part of the entertainment package.

    Alice: I did see that one fighter who wore a ridiculous cowboy hat to the press conference. He had such a flamboyant personality!

    Bob: Oh, “Cowboy” Cerrone! Yeah, some fighters are just natural showmen. That’s part of its mainstream appeal, I think. It’s not just about the fighting; it’s about the characters.

    Alice: I suppose. I still can’t quite get my head around someone purposefully trying to make another person “tap out.” It seems so intense.

    Bob: It is intense, but it’s also highly disciplined. The “tap out” is a vital safety mechanism. It’s a way of saying “I give up” before serious injury. Much better than fighting to unconsciousness!

    Alice: That’s a fair point. So, who are you rooting for in the big fight next weekend?

    Bob: Oh, I’m definitely going for “The Hammer”! His striking is phenomenal. I’ll be on the edge of my seat for that one!

    Alice: “The Hammer,” huh? Sounds… impactful. Maybe I’ll actually watch it this time instead of just scrolling past the highlights!

    Current Situation

    Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) has experienced an explosive global rise in popularity over the last two decades, evolving from a controversial niche sport to a mainstream entertainment phenomenon. Organizations like the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) have spearheaded this growth, attracting millions of fans worldwide. MMA combines elements of various combat sports and martial arts, including boxing, wrestling, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Muay Thai, and judo, creating a dynamic and unpredictable spectacle. Its appeal stems from the high level of athleticism, diverse fighting styles, dramatic knockouts and submissions, and the compelling personalities of its fighters. The sport’s strategic depth, combined with its raw excitement, has cemented its place as one of the fastest-growing sports globally, drawing significant media attention and a broad demographic of viewers.

    Key Phrases

    • everywhere lately: appearing or happening frequently in many places recently.
      Example: Fast food restaurants seem to be **everywhere lately**.
    • scroll through (social media): to move text or images up or down on a screen, often on platforms like Instagram or Facebook.
      Example: I like to **scroll through** my news feed in the morning.
    • blown up: (idiom) to suddenly become very popular or successful.
      Example: That new band has really **blown up** in the last year.
    • come a long way: (idiom) to have made a lot of progress or improved a great deal.
      Example: Technology has **come a long way** since the 1990s.
    • niche sport: a sport that is only popular with a small, specific group of people.
      Example: Fencing used to be a **niche sport**, but it’s gaining more attention now.
    • grappling with (each other): to fight or struggle closely with someone, often involving holding and trying to throw them.
      Example: The two wrestlers spent most of the match **grappling with each other**.
    • gets my heart racing: (idiom) makes one feel very excited or nervous.
      Example: Watching horror movies always **gets my heart racing**.
    • knockout punch: a punch that makes an opponent unconscious or unable to continue fighting.
      Example: He delivered a powerful **knockout punch** in the final round.
    • real spectacle: an event that is very impressive or dramatic to watch.
      Example: The opening ceremony of the Olympics was a **real spectacle**.
    • on the edge of my seat: (idiom) very excited, interested, or nervous because you want to know what happens next.
      Example: The thriller movie had me **on the edge of my seat** the whole time.
    • mainstream appeal: the quality of being popular with most ordinary people.
      Example: That pop song has enormous **mainstream appeal**.
    • tap out: (in combat sports) to signal surrender by tapping the mat or an opponent’s body.
      Example: He had to **tap out** when his opponent put him in a submission hold.

    Grammar Points

    1. Present Perfect Tense (for recent events and experiences)

      The Present Perfect tense is used to describe actions that happened at an unspecified time before now, or actions that started in the past and continue into the present.

      Form: have/has + past participle

      • Alice: “Hey Bob, have you noticed how much MMA is everywhere lately?”
        (Refers to an observation made recently, continuing to the present.)
      • Bob: “It’s completely blown up.” (Short for “It has completely blown up.”)
        (Refers to an action that happened in the past but has a direct result or relevance now.)
      • Bob: “It really has come a long way…”
        (Describes a change or development over a period of time up to the present.)

      Common time expressions used with Present Perfect: lately, recently, already, yet, ever, never, for (a duration), since (a specific point in time).

    2. Phrasal Verbs

      Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb and a preposition or adverb (or both) that, when used together, take on a different meaning from the original verb.

      • scroll through: to move text or images up or down on a screen.
        Example: I **scrolled through** my photos from the trip.
      • blown up: to become very popular or successful suddenly.
        Example: His YouTube channel has really **blown up** this year.
      • come a long way: to make significant progress or improvement.
        Example: Our team has **come a long way** since the beginning of the season.
      • tap out: to signal surrender in combat sports.
        Example: He had no choice but to **tap out**.

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

    Complete the sentences with the most appropriate key phrase from the list below. (Some phrases may not be used.)

    (everywhere lately, blown up, come a long way, niche sport, gets my heart racing, real spectacle, on the edge of my seat, tap out)

    1. Watching that final penalty shootout always __________.
    2. Formula 1 racing used to be a bit of a __________, but now it has huge global appeal.
    3. The fashion trend for bright colors is __________; I see it in every shop!
    4. The company has __________ in terms of environmental sustainability.
    5. The magician’s performance was a __________; everyone was amazed.
    6. The detective novel had me __________ until the very last page.
    7. When the judo fighter was caught in a painful hold, he had to __________.

    Exercise 2: Use the Present Perfect

    Complete the sentences using the present perfect form of the verb in parentheses.

    1. My brother (never / try) __________ sushi before.
    2. (you / ever / see) __________ a live MMA fight?
    3. She (not / finish) __________ her homework yet.
    4. The global interest in e-sports (grow) __________ significantly recently.
    5. I (live) __________ in this city for five years.

    Answers

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

    1. gets my heart racing
    2. niche sport
    3. everywhere lately
    4. come a long way
    5. real spectacle
    6. on the edge of my seat
    7. tap out

    Exercise 2: Use the Present Perfect

    1. has never tried
    2. Have you ever seen
    3. hasn’t finished
    4. has grown
    5. have lived

  • Formula 1 2025 Season Updates

    English Learning: Formula 1 2025 Season Updates

    Dialogue

    Alice: Bob, have you seen the latest F1 news? My jaw is still on the floor!

    Bob: Alice! You mean about the silly season kicking off *way* too early for 2025? I swear my coffee almost went through my nose when I read about Lewis.

    Alice: Right? Lewis Hamilton to Ferrari! It feels like a fever dream. I kept checking the date, thinking it was an elaborate April Fool’s joke.

    Bob: Totally! I thought my internet was glitching. Seven-time world champion in red? It’s iconic, but also completely bonkers.

    Alice: “Bonkers” is an understatement! What does this even mean for Mercedes? Who’s going to fill those massive shoes?

    Bob: That’s the million-dollar question, isn’t it? My money’s on Antonelli, maybe even Alonso for a wild one-year stint before the new regs. Imagine the chaos!

    Alice: Alonso at Mercedes? Oh, the drama! Speaking of drama, what about Carlos Sainz? He’s out at Ferrari. Poor guy.

    Bob: Yeah, I feel for Sainz. He’s been driving brilliantly. He’s a hot commodity though, I bet he’ll land somewhere good. Maybe Audi, or even a surprise return to Red Bull if things get *really* spicy?

    Alice: Red Bull is already spicy enough with the Newey news! Losing Adrian Newey is probably a bigger hit than any driver change for them, don’t you think?

    Bob: Absolutely. Newey is a genius. It’s like a chef losing their secret ingredient. Red Bull will still be strong, but that’s a massive void. It certainly opens the door for other teams to catch up.

    Alice: I know! I’m already envisioning McLaren or Ferrari battling it out for the constructor’s title in 2025. This entire shake-up has made the future so much more unpredictable.

    Bob: My thoughts exactly! The 2025 grid is going to be unrecognizable in some places. I can’t wait for testing next year, the storylines are already writing themselves.

    Alice: It’s like a real-life game of musical chairs, but with incredibly fast cars and even faster drivers. Who knew F1 admin could be this thrilling?

    Bob: Way more thrilling than the actual racing sometimes! Get ready for a wild ride, Alice. 2025 is going to be epic.

    Alice: You bet, Bob! I’ve already marked my calendar.

    Current Situation

    The Formula 1 2025 season is already shaping up to be one of the most anticipated in recent memory, largely due to unprecedented driver market activity and significant personnel changes. The biggest shock came with the announcement that seven-time world champion Lewis Hamilton will be leaving Mercedes to join Ferrari, a move that sent ripples throughout the sport. This decision leaves a highly coveted seat open at Mercedes, sparking intense speculation about potential replacements, with young talent like Andrea Kimi Antonelli and experienced drivers like Fernando Alonso being mentioned.

    Hamilton’s departure from Mercedes means Carlos Sainz will be leaving Ferrari, making the talented Spaniard a free agent and a “hot commodity” in the driver market. Meanwhile, Red Bull Racing, dominant in recent seasons, faced its own major shake-up with the news of legendary design guru Adrian Newey’s departure. This loss is considered a significant blow to their engineering prowess and could open the door for rival teams to close the performance gap. These dramatic shifts promise an unpredictable and thrilling 2025 season, making the “silly season” – the period of driver transfer rumors – more exciting than ever.

    Key Phrases

    • My jaw is still on the floor: An expression used to show extreme surprise or shock. Example: When I heard about the lottery winner, my jaw was still on the floor for hours.
    • Silly season kicking off: Refers to the period in motorsports (especially F1) when rumors and confirmed news about driver and team changes for the next season begin. Example: As soon as the summer break starts, the F1 silly season kicks off with endless rumors.
    • Fever dream: Something so strange, unbelievable, or confusing that it feels like it could only happen in a dream during a fever. Example: The entire concert was so surreal and wild, it felt like a fever dream.
    • Bonkers: (Informal British English) Crazy or mad. Example: The idea of building a city on Mars sounds absolutely bonkers!
    • Million-dollar question: A very important or difficult question to which everyone wants an answer. Example: Will the new strategy work? That’s the million-dollar question.
    • Hot commodity: Something or someone that is in high demand because of its desirable qualities. Example: After his groundbreaking discovery, the young scientist became a hot commodity in the research world.
    • Massive void: A large empty space or a great feeling of emptiness, often emotional or due to a significant loss. Example: Her departure left a massive void in the team that was difficult to fill.
    • Battle it out: To compete fiercely with someone to achieve something. Example: The two rival companies will battle it out for market dominance next quarter.
    • Shake-up: A significant change or reorganization, usually within an organization or system. Example: The company announced a major shake-up in management.
    • Unrecognizable: So changed as to be impossible to recognize. Example: After the renovation, the old building was almost unrecognizable.
    • Musical chairs: A children’s game where players walk around a set of chairs (one less than the number of players) and scramble for a seat when the music stops. Figuratively, it means a situation where people compete for a limited number of positions or resources. Example: The job market feels like a constant game of musical chairs these days.

    Grammar Points

    Let’s look at some key grammar points used in the dialogue:

    • 1. Future Tenses: will vs. be going to

      Both are used to talk about the future, but they often have different nuances.

      • will:
        • For predictions, especially those based on opinion or general knowledge (e.g., “Red Bull will still be strong”).
        • For spontaneous decisions made at the moment of speaking (e.g., “I will call you later”).
        • For promises or offers (e.g., “I will help you”).

        Dialogue example: “He’ll land somewhere good.” (Bob’s prediction)

      • be going to:
        • For plans or intentions made before the moment of speaking (e.g., “I’m going to visit my parents next weekend”).
        • For predictions based on present evidence or something you can see/feel (e.g., “Look at those dark clouds; it’s going to rain”).

        Dialogue example: “Who’s going to fill those massive shoes?” (Alice’s question about an anticipated event/plan) Dialogue example: “The 2025 grid is going to be unrecognizable…” (Bob’s prediction based on current evidence of many changes)

    • 2. Phrasal Verbs

      Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb and a preposition or adverb (or both), which together have a meaning different from the individual words.

      • kick off: To begin or start. Example: The new project will kick off next Monday.
      • fill (someone's) shoes: To take over someone’s job or responsibility and do it as well as they did. Example: It will be hard for anyone to fill the CEO’s shoes after her retirement.
      • land somewhere: To end up in a particular place or situation, often unexpectedly or after a period of searching. Example: After months of interviews, he finally landed a great job.
      • catch up: To reach the same level or standard as someone else. Example: We need to work faster to catch up with the other teams.
      • battle it out: To compete fiercely. Example: The two teams will battle it out in the final match.
    • 3. Idiomatic Expressions

      Idioms are phrases where the meaning is not obvious from the individual words; they have a figurative meaning.

      • fever dream: Something very strange or chaotic, like a bizarre dream. Example: The whole journey felt like a fever dream – so many unexpected events.
      • bonkers: Crazy, mad. Example: His idea to paint the entire house neon pink was utterly bonkers.
      • million-dollar question: A very important and often difficult question. Example: Will they ever discover a cure? That’s the million-dollar question.
      • hot commodity: Something or someone highly desirable or in demand. Example: Fresh, locally sourced produce is a hot commodity at the farmers’ market.

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks (Key Phrases)

    Complete the sentences using the most appropriate key phrase from the list.

    1. When she announced her engagement after only knowing him for a week, my _______________.
    2. The CEO’s unexpected resignation created a _______________ in the company.
    3. After months of uncertainty, I hope my favorite driver _______________ with a top team.
    4. The intense competition meant the two leaders had to _______________ for the championship title.
    5. The news that they cancelled the entire event at the last minute felt like a _______________.

    Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Future Form (will / be going to)

    Choose the correct form to complete each sentence.

    1. “I’m so tired!” “Don’t worry, I _______________ (help) you with those bags.” (Spontaneous decision)
    2. Look at those dark clouds! It _______________ (rain) very soon. (Prediction based on evidence)
    3. Next year, I _______________ (study) abroad for a semester. I’ve already bought my plane ticket! (Pre-planned intention)
    4. I think Max Verstappen _______________ (win) the championship again next season. (Prediction based on opinion)
    5. The team _______________ (introduce) a major upgrade package at the next race. They announced it last week. (Planned event)

    Exercise 3: Dialogue Comprehension

    Answer the following questions based on the dialogue between Alice and Bob.

    1. What is the main F1 news that surprises Alice and Bob?
    2. Why does Bob feel bad for Carlos Sainz?
    3. Who does Alice think is a bigger loss for Red Bull than any driver change?

    Answers

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks (Key Phrases)

    1. When she announced her engagement after only knowing him for a week, my jaw was still on the floor.
    2. The CEO’s unexpected resignation created a massive void in the company.
    3. After months of uncertainty, I hope my favorite driver lands somewhere good with a top team.
    4. The intense competition meant the two leaders had to battle it out for the championship title.
    5. The news that they cancelled the entire event at the last minute felt like a fever dream.

    Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Future Form (will / be going to)

    1. “I’m so tired!” “Don’t worry, I will help you with those bags.”
    2. Look at those dark clouds! It is going to rain very soon.
    3. Next year, I am going to study abroad for a semester. I’ve already bought my plane ticket!
    4. I think Max Verstappen will win the championship again next season.
    5. The team is going to introduce a major upgrade package at the next race. They announced it last week.

    Exercise 3: Dialogue Comprehension

    1. The main F1 news that surprises Alice and Bob is Lewis Hamilton moving to Ferrari for the 2025 season.
    2. Bob feels bad for Carlos Sainz because he has been driving brilliantly but is losing his seat at Ferrari due to Hamilton’s arrival.
    3. Alice thinks losing Adrian Newey is a bigger loss for Red Bull than any driver change.

  • Surfing and Olympic Recognition

    English Learning: Surfing and Olympic Recognition

    Dialogue

    Alice: Bob, guess what! I saw a clip of surfing from the Olympics last night, and it was incredible!

    Bob: Alice, you mean surfing is *actually* in the Olympics now? I thought that was just a pipe dream for wave-obsessed fanatics!

    Alice: It is! It made its debut in Tokyo 2020 (held in 2021, of course). I mean, can you imagine standing on that podium, board under your arm, knowing you conquered the waves *and* the world?

    Bob: Sounds pretty epic. Though I always pictured Olympic athletes doing something… less reliant on Mother Nature’s mood swings. Like, what if the waves just decide to take a day off?

    Alice: That’s part of the challenge, silly! It adds an element of unpredictability and skill. Plus, it’s not just about big waves; it’s about technique, style, and how you read the ocean.

    Bob: So, no synchronized surfing then? No perfectly aligned duck dives? Shame. That would have been truly Olympic.

    Alice: (rolls her eyes) No, Bob, no synchronized surfing. But it’s brought a whole new level of cool to the Games, don’t you think? It’s all about youth culture, pushing boundaries.

    Bob: I suppose it beats watching competitive synchronized napping. Though I could probably medal in that. But seriously, it’s been a long time coming for surfers, hasn’t it?

    Alice: Absolutely! Surfing has such a rich history, from ancient Polynesians to Duke Kahanamoku, who actually campaigned for it to be an Olympic sport way back in the early 20th century.

    Bob: Duke Kahanamoku? The Hawaiian swimmer? Wow, so this isn’t just a recent fad. It’s like, a century-old dream finally catching a big wave.

    Alice: Exactly! It’s been quite a journey. And now, seeing athletes from all over the world, not just traditional surfing nations, competing? It’s amazing for the sport’s global reach.

    Bob: So, does this mean my “extreme napping” might get Olympic recognition if I lobby hard enough? Perhaps under “Mental Fortitude Sports”?

    Alice: (laughs) You wish! But hey, if surfing can do it, maybe anything’s possible. Now, are you ready to trade your armchair for a surfboard? We could try a beginner’s lesson!

    Bob: Whoa, slow down there, wave whisperer. One step at a time. First, I need to master standing up on *dry land* without losing my balance. Baby steps to Olympic glory!

    Alice: (grinning) That’s the spirit, Bob! We’ll get you there. Or at least get you wet.

    Current Situation

    Surfing officially made its debut as an Olympic sport at the Tokyo 2020 Games (which were postponed and held in 2021 due to the pandemic). Its inclusion was part of the International Olympic Committee’s efforts to appeal to a younger audience and embrace sports with strong youth culture and global appeal. Surfing is scored based on a combination of factors including the difficulty of maneuvers, innovation, variety, speed, power, and flow of the ride.

    The sport has been confirmed for future Olympic Games, including Paris 2024 (with competitions held at Teahupo’o in Tahiti, French Polynesia, known for its powerful waves) and Los Angeles 2028, solidifying its place in the Olympic movement after decades of advocacy from the surfing community.

    Key Phrases

    • Pipe dream: An unlikely or impossible hope or plan.
      • Example: Winning the lottery and buying an island is probably just a pipe dream for most people.
    • Mother Nature’s mood swings: Referring to unpredictable changes in weather or natural conditions.
      • Example: You can never fully plan an outdoor wedding because you’re always at the mercy of Mother Nature’s mood swings.
    • A long time coming: Something that has been expected or desired for a considerable period.
      • Example: After years of hard work, her promotion was definitely a long time coming.
    • Catching a big wave: Metaphorical for achieving a major success or breakthrough after a long wait or effort.
      • Example: The startup finally secured major funding; they’re really catching a big wave now!
    • Trade your armchair for a surfboard: To exchange a comfortable, inactive lifestyle for a more active, adventurous one. (Can be adapted for other activities: “trade your couch for a bike,” etc.)
      • Example: After retiring, John decided it was time to trade his armchair for hiking boots and explore the world.

    Grammar Points

    1. Present Perfect (Simple and Continuous)

    The Present Perfect tense is used for actions that started in the past and continue to the present, or for actions completed recently with a present result. The continuous form emphasizes the duration of the action.

    • Formation (Simple): has/have + past participle
    • Example from dialogue: “it’s brought a whole new level of cool to the Games” (The action of bringing started in the past and its effect is still relevant). “It’s been quite a journey.”
    • Example (Simple): She has lived in this city for five years. (Still lives here)
    • Formation (Continuous): has/have + been + -ing verb
    • Example (Continuous): I have been studying English all morning. (Started in the morning, still studying or just finished)

    2. Modal Verbs for Speculation/Possibility

    Modal verbs like must, might, and could are used to express varying degrees of certainty or possibility about present or past events.

    • Must (have + past participle): Used for high certainty or logical deduction about a past event.
      • Example from dialogue: “It must have been incredible!” (Alice is very sure it was incredible).
      • Example: He’s soaking wet. It must have been raining outside.
    • Might / Could (have + past participle): Used for possibility or suggestion about past or present events. Might suggests a slightly lower possibility than could, but they are often interchangeable.
      • Example from dialogue: “my “extreme napping” might get Olympic recognition” (Bob is suggesting a possibility, perhaps humorous). “We could try a beginner’s lesson!” (Alice is making a suggestion).
      • Example: She might have forgotten about our appointment. (It’s possible she forgot).

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks (Key Phrases)

    Complete the sentences using the key phrases from the dialogue. You may need to change the form slightly.

    1. Winning the lottery is a complete __________ for most people, but it’s fun to imagine!
    2. The gardener blamed the sudden changes in the plants on __________.
    3. After years of hard work, her promotion was really __________.
    4. The startup finally secured major funding; they’re really __________ now!
    5. It’s time to __________ your video games for a walk outside.
    Exercise 2: Sentence Transformation (Present Perfect / Modals)

    Rewrite the following sentences using the grammar point in parentheses.

    1. I’m sure he was very tired after running the marathon. (Use must have been)
    2. They started building the bridge three years ago, and they are still building it. (Use Present Perfect Continuous)
    3. It’s possible she forgot about our meeting. (Use might have forgotten)
    4. He bought a new car last week, and he still has it. (Use Present Perfect Simple)
    Exercise 3: Open Discussion

    If you could choose any non-traditional sport (like synchronized napping or extreme ironing) to be included in the Olympics, what would it be and why? How would it make the Games more interesting?

    Answers to Exercises:

    1. Exercise 1:
      1. pipe dream
      2. Mother Nature’s mood swings
      3. a long time coming
      4. catching a big wave
      5. trade your armchair for a surfboard
    2. Exercise 2:
      1. He must have been very tired after running the marathon.
      2. They have been building the bridge for three years.
      3. She might have forgotten about our meeting.
      4. He has bought a new car. (or He has had a new car since last week.)

  • Winter Olympics 2026 Preparation

    English Learning: Winter Olympics 2026 Preparation

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hey Bob, have you thought much about the Winter Olympics in 2026? It feels like it’s just around the corner!

    Bob: Alice! You know me, I’m practically already polishing my imaginary bobsled! I hear Milan and Cortina are really gearing up for it.

    Alice: Polishing your imaginary bobsled? Bob, the only thing you polish is the remote control on your couch! But yes, Milan-Cortina. I heard the preparations are in full swing.

    Bob: Details, details. A man can dream, can’t he? I’m just picturing myself nailing a triple axel… or maybe just gracefully falling into a snowdrift.

    Alice: More likely the latter! I saw some news about the venues. Apparently, there are quite a few projects under construction, and they’re really pushing for sustainability.

    Bob: That’s great to hear. I mean, we want epic games, but not at the expense of, you know, the actual winter. Imagine a Winter Olympics without snow!

    Alice: Right? Though it’s Italy, so maybe they’ll just bring in a giant snow machine. The anticipation is building, especially for the opening ceremony.

    Bob: Oh, I’m already picturing the spectacle. Do you think they’ll manage to pull off something even more amazing than Beijing or PyeongChang?

    Alice: They’ve got big shoes to fill, but Italians are known for their style, so I have high hopes. What sport are you most excited to watch?

    Bob: Curling, definitely curling! It’s like strategic sweeping on ice. I wouldn’t mind trying it, actually. It looks less… impactful on the bones than, say, ski jumping.

    Alice: True. I’m more into figure skating. All that grace and artistry. It makes me feel incredibly uncoordinated just watching it.

    Bob: Tell me about it. My figure skating routine would mostly involve flailing and then landing on my bottom. But seriously, it’s going to be a huge event for Italy.

    Alice: Absolutely. And it’s only two years away! I hope they manage to finish everything on time.

    Bob: Me too. Let’s start saving up for some authentic Italian hot chocolate to enjoy while we watch, eh?

    Alice: Sounds like a plan, Bob! Just try not to break any imaginary bones before then.

    Bob: No promises, Alice, no promises!

    Current Situation

    The XXV Winter Olympics, officially known as Milano Cortina 2026, are scheduled to take place from February 6 to February 22, 2026, across the Italian cities of Milan and Cortina d’Ampezzo. Preparations are in full swing, with significant infrastructure projects underway for new and renovated venues. A strong emphasis is being placed on sustainability, aiming to host a Games that minimizes environmental impact and leaves a lasting positive legacy for the regions involved. While progress is being made on venue construction and organizational planning, the organizing committee faces challenges, including budget management and ensuring all projects are completed on schedule. The anticipation for the first Winter Games hosted by Italy in 20 years (since Turin 2006) is building, with the official mascots, Tina and Milo, already unveiled.

    Key Phrases

    • Gear up for (something): To prepare for something; to get ready.

      The athletes are already gearing up for the next Olympics.

    • In full swing: At the peak of activity; fully operational.

      Preparations for the festival are in full swing.

    • Under construction: Being built or repaired.

      The new stadium is still under construction.

    • Sustainability efforts: Actions taken to protect the environment and natural resources.

      The company is praised for its sustainability efforts.

    • Anticipation is building: A feeling of excitement about something that is going to happen is increasing.

      The anticipation is building for the movie’s premiere.

    • Pull off (something): To succeed in doing something difficult or unexpected.

      We hope they can pull off a spectacular opening ceremony.

    • Couch potato: A person who spends a lot of time sitting and watching television.

      After a long week, I just want to be a couch potato all weekend.

    • Wouldn’t mind (doing something): To want to do something; to be happy to do something.

      I wouldn’t mind a slice of pizza right now.

    Grammar Points

    Let’s look at how we talk about future events and ongoing actions related to the Olympics.

    1. Future Tense (will / be going to / Present Continuous for Future)

      We use different forms to talk about future events:

      • Will + Base Verb:
        • For predictions, spontaneous decisions, promises, or facts about the future.
        • Example (Prediction): “Do you think they‘ll manage to pull off something…?”
        • Example (Fact): “The event will attract thousands of tourists.”
      • Be going to + Base Verb:
        • For plans or intentions, or predictions based on present evidence.
        • Example (Intention/Plan): “It’s going to be a huge event for Italy.”
        • Example (Evidence): “Look at those dark clouds; it’s going to rain.”
      • Present Continuous for Future:
        • For definite arrangements or scheduled events in the near future.
        • Example: “Milan and Cortina are really gearing up for it.” (The preparation is an ongoing arrangement)
        • Example: “The Olympics are taking place from February 6th to 22nd, 2026.”
    2. Present Perfect Continuous (has/have been -ing)

      Used to show that an action started in the past and has continued up to the present moment, often emphasizing the duration of the action.

      • Example: “The organizing committee has been working tirelessly on the venues for months.” (They started in the past and are still working now).
    3. Conditional Sentences (Type 1)

      Used to talk about a real or possible situation in the future (if + present simple, will + base verb).

      • Structure: If + [present simple], [will + base form of verb].
      • Example: “I hope they manage to finish everything on time.” (Implied conditional: If they manage to finish on time, it will be great.)
      • Direct Example: “If it snows enough, the ski events will be spectacular.”

    Practice Exercises

    1. Fill in the Blanks (Key Phrases)

    1. The organizing committee is really ___________ the opening ceremony.
    2. Many venues are still ___________ and need to be ready by 2026.
    3. He’s such a ___________, he never leaves the sofa on weekends.
    4. After seeing the trailers, the ___________ for the movie is ___________.

    Answers:

    1. gearing up for
    2. under construction
    3. couch potato
    4. anticipation / building

    2. Choose the Correct Tense (Grammar – Future Tense)

    1. The Olympics (take / will take / are taking) place in February 2026.
    2. I think it (is / will be / is being) a fantastic event.
    3. They (are going to build / will build / build) a new ice rink for the speed skating. (Based on a plan/intention)
    4. We (are watching / will watch / watch) the opening ceremony live. (Spontaneous decision or prediction of an action)

    Answers:

    1. will take (or are taking if it’s a definite schedule) – “will take” implies a simple future fact.
    2. will be
    3. are going to build
    4. will watch

    3. Sentence Transformation (Grammar – Conditional Type 1)

    Rewrite the following sentences using a Type 1 Conditional structure (If + Present Simple, Will + Base Verb).

    1. They might have problems if they don’t complete the venues soon.
    2. It will be a success only if many people attend.

    Answers:

    1. If they don’t complete the venues soon, they will have problems.
    2. If many people attend, it will be a success.

  • Growth of College Sports in the U.S.

    English Learning: Growth of College Sports in the U.S.

    Dialogue

    Alice: Bob, you will not BELIEVE what I just read!

    Bob: Alice, given your usual news sources, is it about a squirrel piloting a miniature jet or a new flavor of artisanal cheese?

    Alice: Ha, very funny! No, it’s about college sports. Apparently, a star freshman quarterback just signed an NIL deal for over a million dollars!

    Bob: A million dollars?! For a *college* kid? Man, I picked the wrong era to attend university. My ‘name, image, and likeness’ deal got me… free extra ketchup packets at the cafeteria.

    Alice: Tell me about it! It’s wild how much college sports have **blown up**. It feels less like **amateur athletics** and more like a **minor league** for the pros these days.

    Bob: Minor league? Some of these college stadiums are **bigger** than actual NFL venues! And the **fan engagement**? It’s intense. My cousin almost got into a brawl over a disputed call at a college basketball game last week.

    Alice: See? It’s not just the money for the athletes. The **revenue** from TV rights, sponsorships, merchandise – it’s **astronomical**. Universities are building palaces for their sports programs.

    Bob: Absolutely. I saw a report that the **biggest** college football programs generate hundreds of millions annually. It’s no longer just a side hobby; it’s a massive entertainment industry.

    Alice: Which makes you wonder, are they still ‘student-athletes’ or more like ‘athlete-students’? The pressure to perform must be immense, balancing academics with essentially a full-time professional career.

    Bob: Good point. I mean, if I **had** a million-dollar contract on the line, my calculus homework **might take a backseat** to practice drills. Education is still supposedly the core, but the lines are getting really **blurry**.

    Alice: Totally. It’s fascinating to watch, though. The quality of play is incredible, and the rivalries are legendary. It brings communities together.

    Bob: Definitely. And it’s creating new opportunities, too. Not just for the athletes, but for coaches, medical staff, marketers, even content creators for their personal brands.

    Alice: So, we agree it’s massive, complicated, and probably still growing?

    Bob: Absolutely. I’m just hoping my future kids are exceptionally athletic so I can retire off their NIL deals. No pressure, little ones!

    Alice: (Laughing) Dream big, Bob. Dream big.

    Current Situation

    The landscape of college sports in the U.S. has undergone a dramatic transformation, evolving from purely **amateur athletics** into a multi-billion dollar industry. This growth is primarily fueled by massive broadcasting contracts, increased corporate sponsorships, and unprecedented **fan engagement**. A pivotal change occurred in 2021 with the introduction of Name, Image, and Likeness (**NIL**) policies, allowing college athletes to profit from endorsements, sponsorships, and personal appearances. This has brought significant financial opportunities for athletes, some signing deals worth millions, fundamentally altering the traditional “**student-athlete**” model.

    Universities are heavily investing in state-of-the-art facilities, attracting top talent, and generating substantial **revenue**. While this professionalization offers new avenues for athletes and universities, it also sparks debates about the balance between academics and athletics, equitable compensation across different sports, and the long-term impact on the collegiate experience. The growth shows no signs of slowing down, solidifying college sports as a major cultural and economic force in American society.

    Key Phrases

    • NIL deal (Name, Image, and Likeness deal): An agreement allowing college athletes to earn money by monetizing their personal brand.

      Example: “The star player signed an NIL deal with a major sportswear company.”

    • Blew up: To become very popular or successful suddenly and rapidly.

      Example: “The band’s new song blew up on social media overnight.”

    • Amateur athletics: Sports where participants are not paid for their performance.

      Example: “For decades, college sports were strictly considered amateur athletics.”

    • Minor league: A professional sports league or division that is of a lower status than the major league.

      Example: “Many young baseball players start their careers in the minor league before hoping to reach the majors.”

    • Fan engagement: The level of involvement and interaction fans have with a sports team, league, or event.

      Example: “The team uses social media to boost fan engagement during games.”

    • Revenue: Income, especially when of a company or organization and of a substantial nature.

      Example: “The new stadium is expected to generate significant revenue from ticket sales and concessions.”

    • Astronomical: Extremely large or great.

      Example: “The cost of building the new technology was astronomical.”

    • Student-athletes: A term used to describe students who also participate in sports at a college or university.

      Example: “Universities emphasize the importance of academic success for their student-athletes.”

    • Take a backseat (to something): To become less important or prioritized than something else.

      Example: “After his injury, his studies had to take a backseat to his recovery.”

    • Blurry (the lines are getting blurry): When the distinction or difference between two things becomes unclear.

      Example: “With remote work, the lines between professional and personal life are becoming blurry.”

    Grammar Points

    1. Conditional Sentences (Type 2: Unreal Present/Future)

    Structure: If + simple past, … would + base verb (or might/could + base verb)

    Usage: Used to talk about hypothetical or imaginary situations in the present or future, and their probable (but unlikely) results. It suggests that the condition is unlikely or impossible to happen.

    • Example from dialogue: “I mean, if I had a million-dollar contract on the line, my calculus homework might take a backseat to practice drills.” (Bob doesn’t have a contract, so it’s an unreal situation.)
    • Another example: “If I were a millionaire, I would buy a private jet.”

    2. Comparative and Superlative Adjectives/Adverbs

    Usage: Used to compare two or more things.

    • Comparatives (comparing two things):
      • One-syllable adjectives: add -er (e.g., bigger, wilder)
      • Two or more syllables: use more (e.g., more intense, more important)
      • Irregular forms: better, worse, further
    • Superlatives (comparing three or more things):
      • One-syllable adjectives: add -est (e.g., biggest, wildest)
      • Two or more syllables: use most (e.g., most intense, most important)
      • Irregular forms: best, worst, furthest
    • Examples from dialogue:
      • “Some of these college stadiums are bigger than actual NFL venues!” (Comparative)
      • “The biggest college football programs generate hundreds of millions annually.” (Superlative)

    3. Phrasal Verbs (e.g., ‘blown up’, ‘take a backseat’)

    Definition: A verb combined with an adverb or a preposition (or sometimes both) to create a new meaning that is often different from the original verb.

    Usage: They are very common in informal and conversational English. Understanding their context is key.

    • Example: “It’s wild how much college sports have blown up.” (Here, “blown up” means “become very popular/successful suddenly,” not “exploded.”)
    • Example: “My calculus homework might take a backseat to practice drills.” (Here, “take a backseat” means “become less important/prioritized.”)

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

    Complete the sentences using the key phrases from the dialogue. Choose the best fit.

    1. After years of hard work, the small startup finally _________ and became a global company.
    2. The university is struggling to balance academics with athletics, often debating if their athletes are true _________.
    3. The cost of flying to the moon would be absolutely _________ for most people.
    4. His personal hobbies had to _________ when he started his demanding new job.
    5. Many athletes are now signing lucrative _________ even before they play their first college game.

    Answers to Exercise 1

    1. blew up
    2. student-athletes
    3. astronomical
    4. take a backseat
    5. NIL deals

    Exercise 2: Choose the Best Option

    Select the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence, focusing on comparative/superlative forms or conditional sentences.

    1. If I (won / had won / would win) the lottery, I (would travel / will travel / traveled) the world.
    2. This new smartphone is (more expensive / most expensive / expensiver) than the old model.
    3. She is the (better / best / goodest) student in her class, always getting top grades.
    4. If they (studied / had studied / would study) harder, they (would pass / will pass / passed) the exam.
    5. The college football game had (more / most / many) fan engagement than any professional match I’ve ever seen.

    Answers to Exercise 2

    1. won, would travel
    2. more expensive
    3. best
    4. studied, would pass
    5. more

    Exercise 3: Sentence Transformation

    Rewrite the following sentences using a phrasal verb or a key phrase from the list, maintaining the original meaning.

    1. The distinction between work and leisure has become unclear since I started working from home.

      Rewrite: The lines between work and leisure have become _________ since I started working from home.

    2. The amount of money they make from merchandise sales is incredibly large.

      Rewrite: The _________ from merchandise sales is _________.

    3. When he decided to focus on his career, his hobbies became less important.

      Rewrite: His hobbies had to _________ when he decided to focus on his career.

    4. College sports used to involve participants who were not paid for their performance.

      Rewrite: College sports used to be strictly considered _________.

    5. The team’s popularity grew very quickly after they won the championship.

      Rewrite: The team’s popularity _________ after they won the championship.

    Answers to Exercise 3

    1. blurry
    2. revenue, astronomical
    3. take a backseat
    4. amateur athletics
    5. blew up

  • Tennis Grand Slam 2025 Surprises

    English Learning: Tennis Grand Slam 2025 Surprises

    Dialogue

    Alice: Bob, did you see the French Open results? What in the world just happened?

    Bob: Alice, it was… wild. Utterly, inexplicably wild.

    Alice: “Wild” is an understatement! Did you see who won the men’s singles?

    Bob: You mean Gerald from accounting? I nearly choked on my croissant when I saw that name pop up!

    Alice: Exactly! And the women’s final? A wildcard ranked 300th, who mostly plays in local park tournaments!

    Bob: I know! My tennis bracket is in tatters. I had all the usual suspects making it to the finals, Nadal, Djokovic… you know, the legends!

    Alice: Mine too! I swear the universe just decided to prank us tennis fans this year. It felt like watching a parallel universe Grand Slam.

    Bob: It really did. What about Wimbledon? I heard rumors of something even stranger.

    Alice: Wimbledon was even crazier! A doubles team of a former pop star and a retired astronaut won. They apparently perfected zero-gravity serves.

    Bob: No way, Alice! You’re pulling my leg!

    Alice: I am not, Bob! The commentators kept calling them ‘The Celestial Smashers’. Federer himself announced his third comeback just to try and figure out their technique.

    Bob: Zero-gravity serves… I can’t even process that. And the US Open?

    Alice: The US Open had a cat as a ball kid that kept interfering with play. It even batted a ball back over the net once!

    Bob: Oh, I did see that clip! It was adorable but utterly chaotic. The umpire actually gave it a warning for unsportsmanlike conduct!

    Alice: These 2025 Grand Slams are definitely going down in history for all the wrong, yet incredibly entertaining, reasons.

    Bob: Definitely. My therapist says I need to accept the ‘new normal’ of tennis. I think I need a new therapist, or maybe just a long nap.

    Current Situation

    The year 2025 has truly redefined the landscape of professional tennis. What began as a promising season quickly devolved into a series of unprecedented and often bizarre events across all four Grand Slam tournaments. Top seeds crashed out in early rounds, unknown wildcard entries triumphed over seasoned professionals, and the world witnessed everything from unusual weather phenomena to unexpected animal interventions on court. The established order of the ATP and WTA tours has been completely upended, leaving fans, pundits, and players alike grappling with a “new normal” where anything seems possible, and predictability is a thing of the past. The tennis world is in a state of delightful, yet utterly chaotic, shock.

    Key Phrases

    • What in the world just happened?: An expression of extreme surprise or confusion about an unexpected event.

      Example: I just saw a flying car land on the roof! What in the world just happened?

    • Wild is an understatement: Used when something is far more extreme, chaotic, or surprising than just “wild.”

      Example: The concert was packed, and the crowd went crazy. Saying it was “wild” is an understatement; it was pure pandemonium!

    • Choked on my croissant: A humorous and exaggerated way to say someone was extremely surprised or shocked, often while eating or drinking.

      Example: I nearly choked on my coffee when my boss told me I won the lottery.

    • In tatters: Completely ruined, destroyed, or in a state of disarray (often used figuratively for plans, hopes, or predictions).

      Example: My carefully laid plans for the vacation were left in tatters after the airline cancelled my flight.

    • Usual suspects: The people or things that are typically expected or most likely to be involved in something.

      Example: When the cookies went missing, everyone immediately looked at the usual suspects: the kids!

    • Pulling my leg: Joking with someone, often by telling them something untrue or teasing them.

      Example: You won a million dollars? Are you pulling my leg?

    • Zero-gravity serves: (Humorous, specific to the dialogue) A serve that defies gravity, implying incredible or impossible skill in tennis.

      Example: If I could perform zero-gravity serves, I’d definitely win Wimbledon.

    • Going down in history: To be remembered as very important, famous, or significant for a long time.

      Example: This discovery will definitely go down in history as a major scientific breakthrough.

    • Utterly chaotic: Completely disorderly, confusing, and without any organization.

      Example: The school play rehearsal was utterly chaotic, with lines forgotten and props falling over.

    • The ‘new normal’: A previously abnormal or unusual situation that has become commonplace, generally accepted, or expected.

      Example: Working from home became the ‘new normal’ for many people after the pandemic.

    Grammar Points

    1. Idiomatic Expressions

      Idioms are phrases or expressions whose meaning cannot be understood from the literal meanings of its individual words. They add color, naturalness, and often humor to English conversations.

      • Examples from the dialogue: “choked on my croissant” (meaning extremely surprised), “pulling my leg” (meaning joking or teasing), “in tatters” (meaning ruined).
      • Learning idioms is crucial for understanding native speakers and sounding more natural yourself.
    2. Emphatic `Did`

      The auxiliary verb `did` (and `do` or `does` in the present simple) can be used to add emphasis to a main verb in a positive statement in the past simple tense.

      • Structure: Subject + did + base form of the verb.
      • Example from the dialogue: “Oh, I did see that clip!” (This emphasizes that Bob really saw it, perhaps confirming something strongly or correcting an assumption.)
      • Usage: It can be used to contradict someone, confirm something strongly, or express surprise. For instance, if someone says “You didn’t do your homework,” you might reply, “I did do my homework!”
    3. Expressions of Surprise and Disbelief

      The dialogue uses several common phrases to express surprise or that something is hard to believe.

      • What in the world just happened?: A strong expression of shock and confusion about an event.
      • No way!: A very common informal exclamation of disbelief or strong surprise.
      • Exactly!: Used to strongly agree with someone, often when they have just articulated your own thoughts or feelings about something surprising.
      • I know!: Used to agree with someone’s surprising statement, indicating shared surprise.

    Practice Exercises

    1. Fill in the Blanks: Choose the best key phrase from the list below to complete each sentence.
      • (in tatters, pulling my leg, what in the world just happened, usual suspects, wild is an understatement, new normal)
      • a) My plans for a quiet weekend were _________ when my cousins decided to visit unexpectedly.
      • b) I can’t believe you won the lottery! Are you _________?
      • c) The concert was absolutely insane; to say it was _________ would be an understatement.
      • d) The election results were shocking. Everyone predicted the _________ would win, but they didn’t.
      • e) The magician just made a rabbit disappear from his hat! _________?
      • f) Since everyone started working from home, online meetings have become the _________.
    2. Rewrite for Emphasis: Rewrite the following sentences, adding emphatic `did`.
      • a) I tell him to clean his room. (Hint: Make it past tense and emphatic)
      • b) She finish her homework.
      • c) We go to the concert last night.
      • d) He apologise for being late.
    3. Comprehension Questions: Answer the following questions based on the dialogue.
      • a) Who won the men’s singles at the French Open in Alice and Bob’s hypothetical scenario?
      • b) What unusual event happened at Wimbledon?
      • c) What was the strange incident at the US Open involving a non-human?
      • d) How did Bob react to the idea of “zero-gravity serves”?
      • e) What does Bob’s therapist suggest he needs to accept?

    Answers

    1. Fill in the Blanks:
      • a) My plans for a quiet weekend were in tatters when my cousins decided to visit unexpectedly.
      • b) I can’t believe you won the lottery! Are you pulling my leg?
      • c) The concert was absolutely insane; to say it was wild is an understatement.
      • d) The election results were shocking. Everyone predicted the usual suspects would win, but they didn’t.
      • e) The magician just made a rabbit disappear from his hat! What in the world just happened?
      • f) Since everyone started working from home, online meetings have become the new normal.
    2. Rewrite for Emphasis:
      • a) I did tell him to clean his room.
      • b) She did finish her homework.
      • c) We did go to the concert last night.
      • d) He did apologise for being late.
    3. Comprehension Questions:
      • a) Gerald from accounting.
      • b) A doubles team of a former pop star and a retired astronaut won, perfecting ‘zero-gravity serves’.
      • c) A cat acted as a ball kid and interfered with play, even batting a ball back over the net once.
      • d) He found it hard to process and expressed disbelief, saying, “I can’t even process that.”
      • e) His therapist suggests he needs to accept the ‘new normal’ of tennis.

  • Golf and the Saudi Investment Debate

    English Learning: Golf and the Saudi Investment Debate

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hey, Bob! You catch the news about golf lately? It’s been wild!

    Bob: Alice! News? Oh, no, don’t tell me my fantasy golf team is being bought out by a sovereign wealth fund too. I just drafted a killer putter!

    Alice: Ha, not quite that personal, thankfully! I’m talking about the whole PGA Tour and LIV Golf drama, and the Saudi investment. It’s all over the sports headlines.

    Bob: Ah, *that* saga. I thought that was just a really expensive reality TV show about guys in polos getting ridiculously rich. Is it still going on?

    Alice: Well, it *is* about money, an incredible amount, but also about the integrity of the sport, and, you know, ‘sportswashing’.

    Bob: Sportswashing? Is that when you try to get a grass stain out of your favorite golf shirt with a diamond-encrusted iron? Because I’m pretty sure that just makes a bigger mess.

    Alice: (Laughs) Close! It’s more like using a glamorous sport to divert attention from less glamorous human rights records. It’s a PR strategy.

    Bob: Gotcha. So, basically, a very fancy PR campaign with putters. But seriously, the amount of money involved is insane. Billions!

    Alice: Right? Millions, billions! And remember how some players were so against LIV, calling them ‘traitors’ and saying they’d ruined golf? And now… poof, a merger proposal!

    Bob: Ah, the old ‘principles before profit’ until a bigger profit comes along. It’s like my diet plan: totally committed until someone mentions pizza. The hypocrisy is almost impressive.

    Alice: Exactly! And fans are so confused. Is it good for golf? Is it just a money grab? Who knows what tournament to watch anymore, or who to root for!

    Bob: They should just combine all the tours, make everyone wear matching sparkly jumpsuits, and have a mandatory dance-off after every hole. Now *that’s* entertainment I’d pay for.

    Alice: You’re ridiculous! But seriously, the ethics of taking that investment… it’s a big debate. Some people are really torn.

    Bob: Yeah, ‘ethics’ and ‘billions of dollars’ rarely play well together in the same sandbox. I just hope they don’t start replacing the golf carts with flying carpets. That would mess with my fantasy team’s aerodynamics.

    Alice: You’ve got a point. It’s definitely a complex issue with no easy answers. Maybe I should just stick to mini-golf for now.

    Bob: Mini-golf it is! At least there, the biggest ethical dilemma is whether you cheat on the windmill hole. Much simpler.

    Current Situation

    The world of professional golf has been embroiled in significant controversy over the past few years, primarily due to the emergence of LIV Golf, a new professional golf tour financed by Saudi Arabia’s Public Investment Fund (PIF). Initially, LIV Golf attracted many high-profile players from the established PGA Tour with lucrative contracts, leading to a fierce rivalry and a divided sport.

    The PGA Tour criticized LIV Golf for “sportswashing” – using a glamorous sport to improve Saudi Arabia’s international reputation, particularly in light of its human rights record. Players who joined LIV were often ostracized by their former PGA Tour colleagues and faced bans from traditional tournaments.

    However, in a surprising turn of events in June 2023, the PGA Tour, DP World Tour, and PIF announced plans for a merger, aiming to create a new commercial entity. This proposed alliance sparked outrage and confusion among many, including players who had remained loyal to the PGA Tour, fans, and politicians, who raised concerns about antitrust implications and the ethical considerations of partnering with the Saudi PIF. The proposed merger is currently under review by various regulatory bodies globally, and the future structure of professional golf remains uncertain, still generating considerable debate and discussion.

    Key Phrases

    • Catch the news: To hear or see the latest information or reports.
      • Example: Did you catch the news about the latest economic forecast?
    • Sovereign wealth fund: A state-owned investment fund composed of money derived from a country’s surplus reserves.
      • Example: Many countries invest their oil revenues into a sovereign wealth fund for future generations.
    • Saga: A long story, especially one that involves many incidents and often extends over a period of time.
      • Example: The development of the new city hall has been a long and complicated saga.
    • Integrity of the sport: The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles, in the context of sports fairness and rules.
      • Example: The scandal threatened the integrity of the sport, making fans question its fairness.
    • Sportswashing: The practice of an authoritarian regime or government using sport to improve its reputation, often to distract from human rights abuses.
      • Example: Critics argue that hosting major international events can sometimes be a form of sportswashing.
    • Divert attention from: To draw attention away from something.
      • Example: The magician’s assistant helped to divert attention from the trick he was performing.
    • Principles before profit: The idea of prioritizing ethical standards and moral beliefs over financial gain.
      • Example: The company stated that it would always put principles before profit, even if it meant less revenue.
    • Money grab: An attempt to make a lot of money quickly, often without much effort or regard for ethics.
      • Example: Some fans felt the new concert ticket prices were just a blatant money grab by the organizers.
    • Play well together: (Idiomatic) To coexist or combine effectively without conflict.
      • Example: Those two colors don’t really play well together; they clash too much. (Often used metaphorically for concepts or people)
    • You’ve got a point: An expression used to acknowledge that someone has made a valid argument.
      • Example: “Maybe we should leave early to avoid traffic.” “You’ve got a point, the roads will be busy later.”

    Grammar Points

    1. Modal Verbs for Speculation and Obligation

    Modal verbs like should, might, could, and must are used to express varying degrees of certainty, possibility, or necessity.

    • Should: Indicates advice, recommendation, or what is expected/proper.
      • Example from dialogue: “Maybe I should just stick to mini-golf.” (Recommendation)
      • Example: You should always check the weather before planning an outdoor event.
    • Might / Could: Expresses possibility or a less certain prediction.
      • Example (implied from dialogue): “Who knows what tournament to watch anymore?” (It might be confusing)
      • Example: It might rain later, so take an umbrella.
    • Must: Expresses strong necessity, obligation, or logical deduction.
      • Example: You must wear a helmet when riding a bicycle. (Obligation)
      • Example: She must be tired after working all night. (Logical deduction)

    2. Phrasal Verbs

    Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb and a preposition or adverb (or both) that create a new meaning.

    • Catch up on: To get the latest information about something, or to do something that should have been done earlier.
      • Example from dialogue (similar): “You catch the news about golf lately?” (Implies catching up on news)
      • Example: I need to catch up on my sleep this weekend.
    • Stick to: To continue doing or using something, or not change.
      • Example from dialogue: “Maybe I should just stick to mini-golf.”
      • Example: It’s important to stick to your plan if you want to achieve your goals.
    • Play well together: (Used metaphorically in the dialogue) To combine or interact effectively.
      • Example from dialogue: “‘Ethics’ and ‘billions of dollars’ rarely play well together in the same sandbox.”
      • Example: Our new team members really play well together, their collaboration is excellent.

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

    Complete the sentences using the most appropriate key phrase from the list below. (Some phrases may be used more than once or not at all.)

    (Key Phrases: catch the news, sovereign wealth fund, saga, integrity of the sport, sportswashing, divert attention from, principles before profit, money grab, play well together, You’ve got a point)

    1. The debate over the new stadium has become a long-running ______ in the city.
    2. Many critics argue that hosting the World Cup was an act of ______ for the host nation.
    3. Our manager always says that in business, we must put ______ .
    4. Did you ______ about the recent changes in the stock market?
    5. The politician tried to ______ the scandal by announcing a new public initiative.
    6. “We should really start saving more for retirement.” “______.”
    7. Some believe the new video game release is just a ______ because it offers very little new content.
    8. The recent doping scandal seriously damaged the ______ of competitive cycling.

    Exercise 2: Sentence Transformation (Modal Verbs)

    Rewrite the following sentences using the modal verb provided, expressing speculation or recommendation.

    1. It is possible that he will arrive late. (Use: might)
    2. It is a good idea for you to exercise regularly. (Use: should)
    3. I am almost certain she is very busy today. (Use: must)
    4. Perhaps we will go to the beach tomorrow. (Use: could)

    Exercise 3: Comprehension Questions

    Answer the following questions based on the dialogue.

    1. What is the main topic of conversation between Alice and Bob?
    2. How does Bob humorously misinterpret “sportswashing” at first?
    3. What did some players initially call those who joined LIV Golf?
    4. What’s Bob’s humorous suggestion for improving golf entertainment?
    5. What does Alice eventually suggest she might “stick to” instead of professional golf?

    Answers

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks – Answers

    1. The debate over the new stadium has become a long-running saga in the city.
    2. Many critics argue that hosting the World Cup was an act of sportswashing for the host nation.
    3. Our manager always says that in business, we must put principles before profit.
    4. Did you catch the news about the recent changes in the stock market?
    5. The politician tried to divert attention from the scandal by announcing a new public initiative.
    6. “We should really start saving more for retirement.” “You’ve got a point.”
    7. Some believe the new video game release is just a money grab because it offers very little new content.
    8. The recent doping scandal seriously damaged the integrity of the sport of competitive cycling.

    Exercise 2: Sentence Transformation (Modal Verbs) – Answers

    1. He might arrive late.
    2. You should exercise regularly.
    3. She must be very busy today.
    4. We could go to the beach tomorrow.

    Exercise 3: Comprehension Questions – Answers

    1. The main topic is the PGA Tour and LIV Golf drama, and the Saudi investment, along with the ethical debates surrounding it.
    2. Bob humorously misinterprets “sportswashing” as trying to get a grass stain out of a golf shirt with a diamond-encrusted iron.
    3. Initially, some players called those who joined LIV Golf “traitors.”
    4. Bob’s humorous suggestion is to combine all tours, make everyone wear matching sparkly jumpsuits, and have a mandatory dance-off after every hole.
    5. Alice suggests she might “stick to” mini-golf instead of professional golf.

  • Cricket World Cup Developments

    English Learning: Cricket World Cup Developments

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hey, Bob! You look like you just saw a ghost, or maybe you won the lottery?

    Bob: Oh, Alice, it’s even more dramatic! The Cricket World Cup has gone absolutely bonkers!

    Alice: Bonkers? What happened now? Did someone drop the trophy before the final again?

    Bob: Worse! Much, much worse! Yesterday, the Mongoose team – the absolute underdogs – actually beat the mighty Lions! Nobody saw it coming.

    Alice: Wait, the Mongoose team? Are they like, actual mongooses? Because that would be quite a spectacle.

    Bob: (chuckles) No, no, Alice. It’s just their nickname. But they played like they had nine lives! The Lions were completely caught off guard. I was literally on the edge of my seat the whole time.

    Alice: “On the edge of your seat.” So you didn’t actually fall off, then? Good. My heart rate can’t handle too much excitement.

    Bob: You’re cracking jokes, but this is a seismic shift! Everyone thought the Lions were a shoo-in for the semi-finals. Now, their spot is looking shaky.

    Alice: A ‘shoo-in’? Is that like a shoe that just walks right in?

    Bob: (sighs dramatically) It means they were a guaranteed winner! Now, this Mongoose upset has completely opened up the group stage. It’s a proper dark horse story unfolding.

    Alice: “Dark horse.” So, a mysterious, fast horse that no one expected? I’m getting a crash course in cricket metaphors here.

    Bob: Precisely! They’ve come out of nowhere and are now making a real run for the knockout stages. It’s thrilling!

    Alice: I guess I should start keeping tabs on it then. You make it sound quite exciting, even for a non-cricket fan like me.

    Bob: You absolutely should! The Cheetahs are playing the Eagles next, and that’s going to be another nail-biter. Want to come over and watch? I’ll even explain the rules as we go.

    Alice: Hmm, a nail-biter and cricket rules? Maybe. I’ll bring the snacks, you bring the commentary, Bob. Deal?

    Bob: Deal! But no laughing at my passionate outbursts!

    Alice: No promises, Bob!

    Current Situation

    The Cricket World Cup is currently experiencing some thrilling and unexpected developments. While traditional powerhouses are striving to maintain their dominance, several “dark horse” teams have emerged, challenging the established order. Recent matches have seen dramatic upsets, keeping fans worldwide on the edge of their seats. Key players are delivering standout performances, and the competition to reach the crucial knockout stages is intensifying. The unpredictability of the tournament so far suggests an exciting conclusion, with every game potentially impacting a team’s journey towards the trophy. Fans are actively keeping tabs on every score, eagerly awaiting who will ultimately triumph.

    Key Phrases

    • Bonkers: (informal) Crazy or mad. Example: The weather has gone absolutely bonkers; it’s snowing in July!
    • Underdogs: Teams or contestants considered unlikely to win a competition or fight. Example: Everyone loves an underdog story where the small team wins against all odds.
    • Caught off guard: Surprised by something unexpected. Example: The sudden announcement caught everyone off guard.
    • On the edge of my seat: Very excited, nervous, or interested in something. Example: That movie kept me on the edge of my seat until the very end.
    • Seismic shift: A major and important change. Example: The new technology represents a seismic shift in the industry.
    • Shoo-in: Someone or something that is certain to win or succeed. Example: With his experience, he’s a shoo-in for the promotion.
    • Dark horse: A competitor or candidate about whom little is known but who could unexpectedly win. Example: The unknown candidate emerged as a dark horse in the election.
    • Come out of nowhere: To appear or succeed suddenly and unexpectedly. Example: The band seemed to come out of nowhere and quickly topped the charts.
    • Knockout stages: The part of a tournament where losing a match eliminates a team or player from the competition. Example: Teams need to play their best to reach the knockout stages of the tournament.
    • Keeping tabs on: To monitor or observe someone or something carefully. Example: I’m keeping tabs on the stock market to see if prices drop.
    • Nail-biter: A game or event that is very exciting and suspenseful until the very end. Example: The final game was a real nail-biter, decided in the last minute.
    • Pull off an upset: To achieve an unexpected victory against a stronger opponent. Example: The small team managed to pull off an upset against the champions.

    Grammar Points

    • Phrasal Verbs: These are verbs combined with a preposition or an adverb (or both) to create a new meaning.
      • Caught off guard: (from “catch off guard”) – To surprise someone by doing something they are not prepared for.
        Example from dialogue: “The Lions were completely caught off guard.”
      • Come out of nowhere: To appear or succeed suddenly and unexpectedly.
        Example from dialogue: “They’ve come out of nowhere and are now making a real run…”
      • Keeping tabs on: To monitor or observe someone or something carefully.
        Example from dialogue: “I guess I should start keeping tabs on it then.”
      • Pull off (an upset): To succeed in doing something difficult or unexpected.
    • Idioms and Figurative Language: Expressions whose meaning isn’t obvious from the individual words.
      • On the edge of my seat: Feeling very excited or anxious.
        Example from dialogue: “I was literally on the edge of my seat the whole time.”
      • Shoo-in: A guaranteed winner.
        Example from dialogue: “Everyone thought the Lions were a shoo-in for the semi-finals.”
      • Dark horse: An unexpected winner or competitor.
        Example from dialogue: “It’s a proper dark horse story unfolding.”
      • Nail-biter: A suspenseful or closely contested event.
        Example from dialogue: “…that’s going to be another nail-biter.”
      • Underdog story: A narrative focusing on a disadvantaged participant who triumphs.
    • Present Perfect Tense for Recent Events: Used to describe actions that started in the past and continue into the present, or actions completed recently that have a present effect.
      • Example from dialogue: “The Cricket World Cup has gone absolutely bonkers!” (The craziness started recently and is still affecting the present situation.)
    • Past Simple Tense for Specific Past Actions: Used for actions that were completed at a specific time in the past.
      • Example from dialogue: “Yesterday, the Mongoose team … actually beat the mighty Lions!” (The beating happened at a specific time: yesterday.)

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

    Complete the sentences using the most appropriate key phrase from the list above. (You might need to adjust the tense.)

    1. The unexpected election result led to a ______ in national politics.
    2. The detective has been ______ the suspect for weeks.
    3. That horror movie was a real ______, I couldn’t look away for a second!
    4. The new singer seemed to ______ and quickly became a superstar.
    5. Despite being the ______, the small startup managed to ______ against the industry giant.

    Exercise 2: Match the Idiom

    Match the idiom on the left with its correct meaning on the right.

    • 1. Shoo-in a) Feeling very excited or anxious.
    • 2. Dark horse b) A suspenseful or closely contested event.
    • 3. On the edge of my seat c) A guaranteed winner.
    • 4. Nail-biter d) An unexpected winner or competitor.

    Exercise 3: Correct the Verb Tense

    Read the sentences and correct the verb tense where necessary (Present Perfect or Past Simple).

    1. Yesterday, I watch the entire game and it was absolutely thrilling.
    2. The team go bonkers since they win the championship last night.
    3. I keep tabs on the scores all week, and the results were surprising.
    4. He caught off guard by the sudden announcement ten minutes ago.

    Answers:

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

    1. seismic shift
    2. keeping tabs on
    3. nail-biter
    4. come out of nowhere
    5. underdogs, pull off an upset

    Exercise 2: Match the Idiom

    • 1. Shoo-in – c) A guaranteed winner.
    • 2. Dark horse – d) An unexpected winner or competitor.
    • 3. On the edge of my seat – a) Feeling very excited or anxious.
    • 4. Nail-biter – b) A suspenseful or closely contested event.

    Exercise 3: Correct the Verb Tense

    1. Yesterday, I watched the entire game and it was absolutely thrilling.
    2. The team has gone bonkers since they won the championship last night.
    3. I have kept tabs on the scores all week, and the results have been surprising. (or “I kept tabs… and the results were surprising” if referring to a completed period)
    4. He was caught off guard by the sudden announcement ten minutes ago.

  • Doping Scandals in International Sports

    English Learning: Doping Scandals in International Sports

    Dialogue

    Alice: Bob, did you hear about the latest doping scandal? Apparently, a marathon runner credited his sudden burst of speed to a new ‘super-caffeine’ smoothie.

    Bob: Alice! I saw that! I’m pretty sure my ‘super-caffeine’ smoothie just makes me want a nap.

    Alice: Exactly! He probably just had an espresso IV drip. It’s getting ridiculous.

    Bob: It’s like a real-life cartoon sometimes. Remember that cyclist who swore his improved performance was due to a ‘lucky charm’ in his water bottle? Turned out the charm was a microscopic vial of EPO.

    Alice: Oh, the ‘magic pebble’ incident! My personal favourite was the swimmer who claimed the chlorine in the pool gave him superhuman lung capacity. Sure, and I can fly if I flap my arms hard enough.

    Bob: I wonder what excuse they’ll come up with next. ‘My sweat glands accidentally produced pure testosterone’? Or ‘I just had a really good night’s sleep… for three years’?

    Alice: Don’t give them ideas, Bob! It’s like they’re trying to win an Olympic medal for the most creative denial.

    Bob: Maybe they should have a separate competition: ‘Most Unbelievable Doping Excuse.’ That would be entertaining.

    Alice: I’d watch that! Gold medal for the guy who blamed his positive test on second-hand smoke from a unicorn.

    Bob: Or the athlete who said his muscles spontaneously grew because he listened to too much motivational pop music.

    Alice: It’s a serious issue, though, isn’t it? It just undermines the whole spirit of fair play.

    Bob: Absolutely. When you see someone achieve something incredible, you want to believe it’s pure talent and hard work, not pharmaceuticals.

    Alice: Right. It makes you question every record, every medal. It’s such a shame for the clean athletes.

    Bob: Hopefully, with better testing and harsher penalties, we’ll see fewer of these headlines.

    Alice: Fingers crossed, Bob. Maybe one day ‘natural talent’ won’t be a scandalous excuse.

    Current Situation

    Doping scandals remain a persistent and significant challenge in international sports. Despite the efforts of organizations like the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) to implement stringent testing protocols and enforce strict penalties, athletes continue to seek illicit advantages. The desire for success, fame, and financial rewards can push some individuals to use performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs).

    These substances range from anabolic steroids and human growth hormones to EPO (Erythropoietin) and various stimulants, often combined with masking agents to evade detection. The anti-doping battle is a constant cat-and-mouse game, with scientists developing new detection methods while some athletes and their support teams devise new ways to cheat.

    The impact of doping is profound: it tarnishes the reputation of athletes, undermines the integrity of sports, casts doubt on legitimate achievements, and discourages clean athletes who compete fairly. Major events like the Olympics and World Championships are frequently marred by revelations, leading to medal stripping, bans, and public outcry, reinforcing the need for continuous vigilance and education.

    Key Phrases

    • Doping scandal: An incident involving an athlete illegally using performance-enhancing drugs.

      Example: The cycling world was rocked by a major doping scandal last year.

    • Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs): Substances used to improve athletic performance.

      Example: Using performance-enhancing drugs can lead to severe health risks.

    • Undermine the spirit of fair play: To weaken or damage the principle of competing honestly and equally.

      Example: Cheating in any form will undermine the spirit of fair play in sports.

    • Positive test: A test result indicating the presence of a banned substance.

      Example: The athlete was immediately disqualified after her positive test for steroids.

    • Clean athlete: An athlete who competes without using illegal performance-enhancing drugs.

      Example: We need to protect and celebrate the achievements of clean athletes.

    • Harsh penalties: Severe punishments for breaking rules.

      Example: The league introduced harsh penalties to deter players from doping.

    • Come up with: To think of or suggest an idea, plan, or excuse.

      Example: He tried to come up with a believable story for his absence.

    • Turn out: To be discovered or revealed to be.

      Example: The mysterious package turned out to be just a box of old clothes.

    • Credit (something) to (something/someone): To attribute something (e.g., success) to a particular cause or person.

      Example: She credited her success to years of hard work and dedication.

    Grammar Points

    1. Modal Verbs for Speculation and Deduction

    Modal verbs like must, might, could, should, and phrases like probably are used to express how certain we are about something, or to make deductions based on evidence or general knowledge.

    • Must / Probably: Used when you are almost certain something is true.

      Example: Alice: He probably just had an espresso IV drip. (Alice is quite sure)

      Example: She hasn’t eaten all day; she must be starving.

    • Might / Could: Used when you think something is possible, but you are not certain.

      Example: Bob: Maybe they should have a separate competition. (Bob is suggesting a possibility/idea)

      Example: Bob: I wonder what excuse they’ll come up with next. (Bob is speculating about future possibilities)

      Example: It could rain later, so take an umbrella.

    • Should: Used to express what is expected or advisable.

      Example: Bob: Hopefully, with better testing and harsher penalties, we’ll see fewer of these headlines. (An expectation/hope)

    2. Phrasal Verbs

    Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb and a preposition or adverb (or both) that create a new meaning, often different from the original verb’s meaning.

    • Come up with: To invent or think of an idea, plan, suggestion, or excuse.

      Example: Bob: I wonder what excuse they’ll come up with next.

    • Turn out: To happen in a particular way; to be discovered to be.

      Example: Bob: Turned out the charm was a microscopic vial of EPO.

    • Credit (something) to (something/someone): To attribute something (e.g., success, a characteristic) to a particular cause or person.

      Example: Alice: a marathon runner credited his sudden burst of speed to a new ‘super-caffeine’ smoothie.

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match

    Match the key phrases with their definitions.

    1. Doping scandal
    2. Clean athlete
    3. Undermine the spirit of fair play
    4. Harsh penalties
    5. Positive test
    1. An athlete who competes without using illegal performance-enhancing drugs.
    2. Severe punishments for breaking rules.
    3. An incident involving an athlete illegally using performance-enhancing drugs.
    4. A test result indicating the presence of a banned substance.
    5. To weaken or damage the principle of competing honestly and equally.

    Answers:

    1. 3 (An incident involving an athlete illegally using performance-enhancing drugs.)
    2. 1 (An athlete who competes without using illegal performance-enhancing drugs.)
    3. 5 (To weaken or damage the principle of competing honestly and equally.)
    4. 2 (Severe punishments for breaking rules.)
    5. 4 (A test result indicating the presence of a banned substance.)

    Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks

    Complete the sentences using the correct key phrase from the list below. (Use each phrase once)

    (doping scandal, positive test, come up with, harsh penalties, clean athletes)

    1. The cyclist received ___________ after being caught using banned substances.
    2. Authorities are working hard to protect ___________ from cheaters.
    3. The latest ___________ involved several top-tier gymnasts.
    4. He had to ___________ a good excuse for missing the deadline.
    5. A surprise drug test revealed a ___________.

    Answers:

    1. harsh penalties
    2. clean athletes
    3. doping scandal
    4. come up with
    5. positive test

    Exercise 3: Choose the Best Modal Verb

    Choose the most suitable modal verb (must, might, should) for each sentence.

    1. She’s been training non-stop for months; she ___________ be exhausted. (deduction, almost certain)
    2. If he took a banned substance, he ___________ face a long ban according to the rules. (expectation/strong consequence)
    3. I don’t know why he’s late; he ___________ have missed his bus. (possibility, not certain)
    4. You ___________ always verify your sources before believing news reports. (advice/recommendation)
    5. The athlete said his amazing speed was due to a new diet. It ___________ be true, but I doubt it. (slight possibility)

    Answers:

    1. must
    2. should
    3. might
    4. should
    5. might

  • Sports Technology and Wearables

    English Learning: Sports Technology and Wearables

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hey, Bob, what’s got you so engrossed in your wrist?
    Bob: Alice! Just checking my post-run stats. My new smartwatch is practically a life coach!
    Alice: A life coach? Sounds intense. What exactly does it tell you?
    Bob: Everything! Heart rate zones, VO2 max, recovery time, even suggests when I should hydrate. It’s revolutionary!
    Alice: So you’re saying it knows you better than you know yourself?
    Bob: Sometimes, yes! This morning it told me my ‘performance readiness’ was 72%. I almost didn’t go for my run, but then it nudged me, saying ‘optimal stress levels detected for a light jog’.
    Alice: It *nudged* you? Sounds less like a coach and more like a benevolent overlord.
    Bob: Haha! It just wants me to be my best self! And check this out – my smart insoles track my foot strike and tell me if I’m pronating too much.
    Alice: Smart insoles? Next you’ll tell me your socks have Wi-Fi.
    Bob: Actually, there are smart socks that monitor muscle activity! But I haven’t splurged on those yet. I’m saving up for a smart water bottle that reminds me to drink.
    Alice: A water bottle that *reminds* you? Bob, do you trust this tech implicitly?
    Bob: Well, mostly. Yesterday, my fitness tracker vibrated furiously during my lunch, telling me I needed to ‘close my activity rings’ immediately. Turns out I’d just been vigorously stirring my coffee.
    Alice: See! It’s not infallible! What if it tells you to run a marathon when you’re clearly unwell?
    Bob: It has a ‘sick day’ mode! And it suggests meditation if my stress levels are high. It’s surprisingly comprehensive.
    Alice: Okay, I’m intrigued. Maybe I should get one to monitor my ‘couch potato activity’ levels.
    Bob: Absolutely, Alice! It could revolutionize your Netflix bingeing! You’ll know exactly how many calories you’re burning reaching for the remote.

    Current Situation

    Sports technology and wearables have transformed how athletes, fitness enthusiasts, and even casual users monitor and enhance their physical activity and health. Once confined to professional sports, these devices are now mainstream, offering a plethora of data points right from our wrists, shoes, or clothing.

    Modern smartwatches and fitness trackers are at the forefront, providing real-time metrics like heart rate, steps, calories burned, sleep quality, and GPS tracking for runs and rides. Advanced features include VO2 max estimation, recovery time recommendations, and personalized coaching insights powered by artificial intelligence.

    Beyond the wrist, smart apparel (like shirts, socks, and insoles) can track muscle activity, posture, foot strike, and even body temperature. Smart water bottles ensure optimal hydration, while smart scales track body composition. The goal is to provide holistic data that helps users optimize performance, prevent injuries, improve overall health, and stay motivated through gamified challenges like “closing activity rings.”

    The industry continues to innovate, integrating more sophisticated sensors, longer battery life, and seamless connectivity, making these tools indispensable for anyone looking to understand and improve their physical well-being.

    Key Phrases

    • engrossed in (something): deeply involved or absorbed in something. He was so engrossed in his workout data, he didn’t notice us.
    • post-run stats: statistical data collected after a run (e.g., distance, pace, heart rate). My smartwatch provides detailed post-run stats, including my average pace.
    • practically a life coach: almost like a personal mentor or guide for life, often used humorously or to emphasize extensive help. This app manages my finances and schedule; it’s practically a life coach!
    • VO2 max: a measure of the maximum amount of oxygen an individual can utilize during intense exercise. Athletes often train to improve their VO2 max for better endurance.
    • recovery time: the period needed for the body to recuperate after physical exertion. After a long hike, the tracker recommended 48 hours of recovery time.
    • performance readiness: a metric indicating how prepared one’s body is for physical activity, often based on sleep, recovery, and stress. My tracker shows my performance readiness is low today, so I’ll take it easy.
    • optimal stress levels: the ideal amount of physical or mental stress for a positive outcome or adaptation, not too much or too little. The coach aims for optimal stress levels in training to avoid overtraining.
    • benevolent overlord: a ruler or powerful entity that is kind and well-meaning but still controls everything (often used humorously to describe technology). My smart home system is becoming a benevolent overlord, turning lights on and off without me asking.
    • foot strike: the way a runner’s foot makes contact with the ground (e.g., heel, midfoot, forefoot). Analyzing your foot strike can help prevent running injuries.
    • pronating too much: when the foot rolls inward excessively during walking or running. Specialized shoes can help runners who are pronating too much.
    • splurged on (something): spent a lot of money on something, often unnecessarily or as a treat. I finally splurged on those noise-canceling headphones.
    • trust (something) implicitly: trust something completely, without any doubts. She trusts her GPS implicitly, even when it tells her to turn down a dirt road.
    • vibrated furiously: shook intensely and rapidly. My phone vibrated furiously in my pocket, signaling an urgent call.
    • close my activity rings: complete the daily activity goals (e.g., move, exercise, stand) common on some fitness trackers like Apple Watch. I walk every evening to make sure I close my activity rings.
    • not infallible: not perfect; capable of making mistakes. While AI is powerful, it is not infallible and can sometimes make errors.
    • couch potato activity: humorous term for being lazy or inactive, like watching TV for long periods. My weekend consisted mostly of couch potato activity and snacks.
    • revolutionize your (something): to completely change (something), especially by introducing new methods, equipment, or ideas. The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate.

    Grammar Points

    1. Present Perfect Continuous (e.g., “What’s got you so engrossed?”)

    The Present Perfect Continuous tense is used to talk about an action that started in the past and is still continuing in the present, or has just stopped but its effects are still visible.

    Structure: Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing (present participle)

    • Example from dialogue (implied): Bob is engrossed because he has been checking his stats.
    • Another example: “I’ve been checking my stats all morning.” (The action started in the morning and continues or just finished.)
    • Another example: “The smart insoles have been tracking my foot strike for weeks.” (The tracking started weeks ago and is still ongoing.)

    2. Phrasal Verbs (e.g., “saving up,” “check out,” “turns out”)

    Phrasal verbs are combinations of a verb and a preposition or adverb (or both) that create a new meaning different from the original verb.

    • Saving up: To save money over a period of time for a specific purpose. I’m saving up for a new bike.
    • Check out: To examine something, or to find out more about something. Check out this new feature on my fitness tracker!
    • Turns out: To be discovered or revealed, especially unexpectedly. It turns out my tracker thought stirring coffee was exercise.
    • Go for: To choose or opt for something; also to engage in an activity. I decided to go for a run despite the recommendation.

    3. Quantifiers and Adverbs of Degree (e.g., “too much,” “mostly,” “surprisingly”)

    These words modify nouns or verbs to indicate quantity, amount, or intensity.

    • Too much: Indicates an excessive amount or degree. I ate too much cake. My feet were pronating too much.
    • Mostly: Indicates that something is true for the most part, but not entirely. I mostly trust the tech, but sometimes it’s wrong.
    • Surprisingly: Indicates that something is unexpected or causes surprise. The device is surprisingly accurate.
    • Implicitly: Without reservation or doubt; totally. Do you trust this tech implicitly?

    4. Conditional Sentences (Type 1: Real Possibility)

    Used to talk about a real and possible situation in the future and its likely result.

    Structure: If + Present Simple, … will + Base Verb / Imperative / Modal verb

    • Example from dialogue: “What if it tells you to run a marathon when you’re clearly unwell?” (This is a question form, but follows the same logic.)
    • Another example: “If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home.”
    • Another example: “If you charge your smartwatch tonight, it will last all day tomorrow.”

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks with Key Phrases

    Choose the best key phrase from the list to complete each sentence. (You may need to change the form slightly, e.g., ‘engrossed’ to ‘engrossed in’).

    1. After my bike ride, I checked my __________ to see my average speed and distance.
    2. She was so __________ her new novel that she didn’t hear the doorbell.
    3. My personal trainer is so thorough; he’s __________ for my fitness journey.
    4. The app told me my __________ was high, so I felt ready for a strenuous workout.
    5. Many runners try to avoid __________ because it can lead to knee pain.
    6. I decided to __________ a new pair of smart headphones.
    7. My tracker __________ during my meeting, reminding me to stand up.
    8. You shouldn’t __________ every piece of information you read online; always verify.

    Exercise 2: Sentence Transformation (Present Perfect Continuous)

    Rewrite the following sentences using the Present Perfect Continuous tense.

    1. She monitors her heart rate for an hour. (She started an hour ago and is still doing it.)
    2. They train for the marathon all year. (They started training at the beginning of the year and are still training.)
    3. I study sports science since college. (I started studying in college and am still doing so, maybe through a master’s or research.)
    4. The company develops new wearable technology for a decade. (Development began ten years ago and continues.)

    Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Phrasal Verb

    Select the correct phrasal verb to complete each sentence.

    1. I’m (saving up / giving up) for a new smart bike.
    2. Let’s (check out / look up) that new gym with all the high-tech equipment.
    3. He felt tired, but decided to (go for / give in) a short walk.
    4. It (turns out / makes up) that the sensor was faulty, not my technique.

    Exercise 4: Using Conditional Sentences (Type 1)

    Complete the following sentences using a Type 1 conditional. Use your own ideas for the second part of the sentence.

    1. If my fitness tracker tells me I need more sleep, …
    2. If you buy a smart water bottle, …
    3. If the weather is good tomorrow, …
    4. If Alice gets a wearable, …

    Answers

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks with Key Phrases

    1. post-run stats
    2. engrossed in
    3. practically a life coach
    4. performance readiness
    5. pronating too much
    6. splurge on
    7. vibrated furiously
    8. trust implicitly

    Exercise 2: Sentence Transformation (Present Perfect Continuous)

    1. She has been monitoring her heart rate for an hour.
    2. They have been training for the marathon all year.
    3. I have been studying sports science since college.
    4. The company has been developing new wearable technology for a decade.

    Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Phrasal Verb

    1. saving up
    2. check out
    3. go for
    4. turns out

    Exercise 4: Using Conditional Sentences (Type 1)

    Answers will vary, but here are some examples:

    1. If my fitness tracker tells me I need more sleep, I will try to go to bed earlier.
    2. If you buy a smart water bottle, it will remind you to stay hydrated.
    3. If the weather is good tomorrow, we will go for a long walk.
    4. If Alice gets a wearable, she might become more active.