TrendSpeak English

Category: Basic

Basic Level English Learning Contents

  • At the library

    English Learning: At the Library

    Dialogue

    Alice: Bob? Is that really you hiding behind that enormous book?

    Bob: Alice! Hi! Uh, yes. I’m on a top-secret mission.

    Alice: A top-secret mission… in the children’s picture book section?

    Bob: It’s research! For my… *imagination*.

    Alice: Right. And I suppose that’s why you have a unicorn sticker on your nose?

    Bob: Uh, artistic expression! It just… *popped* on.

    Alice: Okay, Mr. Imagination. What are you actually looking for?

    Bob: I’m trying to find a book about… how to train a very stubborn goldfish.

    Alice: A goldfish? Bob, goldfish usually just swim and eat.

    Bob: Mine looks like it’s plotting world domination. I need instructions!

    Alice: I think you might be in the wrong section. Maybe try ‘Pets’ or ‘Fantasy’?

    Bob: Good idea! Or maybe ‘Advanced Aquatic Psychology’?

    Alice: Let’s stick with ‘Pets’ for now. Do you need help finding it?

    Bob: Yes, please! My goldfish, Bartholomew, is counting on me.

    Alice: Bartholomew, huh? Come on, Bob. Let’s save the world… or at least Bartholomew’s world.

    Current Situation

    Libraries are wonderful public places where people can borrow books, movies, music, and sometimes even digital devices for free. They are not just for reading; many libraries offer quiet spaces to study, free computer and internet access, and host events like story time for children or workshops for adults. In the modern age, libraries also provide access to e-books, audiobooks, and online databases, making them valuable community hubs for learning and discovery for everyone.

    Key Phrases

    • on a top-secret mission: doing something very important and private.
      Example: My brother is on a top-secret mission to find my birthday present.
    • children’s picture book section: the area in a library with books for very young children, often with many illustrations.
      Example: My little niece loves visiting the children’s picture book section.
    • artistic expression: showing your feelings or ideas through art, music, writing, etc.
      Example: Painting is a great form of artistic expression.
    • plotting world domination: planning to take control of the whole world (often used humorously).
      Example: My cat always looks like it’s plotting world domination when it stares at me.
    • in the wrong section: in the incorrect area or part of a place.
      Example: Excuse me, I think I’m in the wrong section. Where are the travel guides?
    • counting on me: depending on me to do something.
      Example: My team is counting on me to finish this report by Friday.
    • save the world: to rescue the world from danger (often used humorously for small tasks too).
      Example: Let’s quickly finish this task; we have to save the world before lunch!

    Grammar Points

    1. Present Simple Tense

    We use the Present Simple tense to talk about habits, facts, general truths, and things that happen regularly.

    • Form (Positive): Subject + Verb (add -s or -es for he/she/it)
      • I / You / We / They swim.
      • He / She / It swims.
    • Examples from dialogue:
      • “Goldfish usually just swim and eat.” (General truth)
      • “Mine looks like it’s plotting world domination.” (Fact about Bob’s goldfish)

    2. Prepositions of Place: “at” and “in”

    Prepositions tell us about the location of something.

    • at: Used for a general location, a point, or an address.
      • “at the library” (general location)
      • “at the information desk”
    • in: Used for an enclosed space, a container, or within a larger area.
      • “in the children’s picture book section” (specific area inside the library)
      • “in the wrong section”
      • “in the book”

    3. Question Words: “What” and “Where”

    We use question words to ask for specific information.

    • What: Asks for information about things, actions, or ideas.
      • “What are you actually looking for?” (Asking about the thing Bob wants)
    • Where: Asks for information about a place or location.
      • “Where are the travel guides?” (Asking about a location)

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks (Key Phrases)

    Complete the sentences with the correct key phrase from the list above.

    1. My dog always looks like he’s __________. (He’s very serious!)
    2. He said he was __________ to find the best coffee shop in town.
    3. The toys are in the __________, next to the big teddy bear.
    4. Don’t worry, I’ll be there. You can be __________ me.
    5. Dancing is a beautiful form of __________.

    Exercise 2: Present Simple Tense

    Rewrite the sentences using the Present Simple tense. Remember to add -s or -es for he/she/it.

    1. (He / look for / a book) → _________________________.
    2. (They / study / at the library) → _________________________.
    3. (I / read / comics) → _________________________.
    4. (She / visit / the library / often) → _________________________.
    5. (The goldfish / swim / in the bowl) → _________________________.

    Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Preposition (“at” or “in”)

    Choose the correct preposition to complete each sentence.

    1. Alice saw Bob ___ the library.
    2. He was hiding ___ the children’s picture book section.
    3. The book about cooking is probably ___ the ‘Food’ section.
    4. Let’s meet ___ the front door ___ 3 PM.
    5. My friend likes to read comics ___ his room.

    Answer Key

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

    1. plotting world domination
    2. on a top-secret mission
    3. children’s picture book section
    4. counting on
    5. artistic expression

    Exercise 2: Present Simple Tense

    1. He looks for a book.
    2. They study at the library.
    3. I read comics.
    4. She visits the library often.
    5. The goldfish swims in the bowl.

    Exercise 3: Choose the Correct Preposition

    1. at
    2. in
    3. in
    4. at, at
    5. in

  • At the park

    English Learning Content for Beginners: At the Park

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hey, Bob! Is that really you hiding behind that tree?

    Bob: (peeking out) Alice! You found me! I was trying to be a ninja.

    Alice: A ninja? In a bright yellow hat? That’s a new strategy!

    Bob: It’s for camouflage… for pigeons. They never see it coming.

    Alice: Pigeons? Are you planning a secret pigeon meeting?

    Bob: Shhh! It’s classified. But they bring snacks.

    Alice: I knew it! You’re always thinking about food.

    Bob: Well, running from squirrels is hard work! And they’re fast.

    Alice: You run from squirrels? Bob, they’re tiny.

    Bob: They have tiny, angry eyes, Alice! And sharp claws!

    Alice: (laughing) Okay, okay. So, what’s the actual plan for today?

    Bob: I was going to read my comic book. But now I’m thinking about ice cream.

    Alice: Ice cream sounds much better than pigeon secrets or squirrel chases.

    Bob: Definitely! My treat?

    Alice: Deal! But no ninja moves on the way to the ice cream truck.

    Bob: No promises! (He winks and starts jogging)

    Alice: (shakes her head, smiling) Oh, Bob.

    Current Situation

    A park is a public open space provided for recreation. People visit parks for many reasons: to relax, exercise, or spend time with friends and family. Common activities include walking, jogging, having picnics, playing sports, or simply sitting and reading. You might see children playing, people walking their dogs, or even someone like Bob trying to be a “ninja”!

    Key Phrases

    • Is that really you?: Used to express surprise or confirm someone’s identity.
      Example: “I haven’t seen you in ages! Is that really you?”
    • You found me!: Said when someone discovers you, often in a game or when you’re hiding.
      Example: “Aha! You found me behind the curtain!”
    • Trying to be…: Explaining an attempt at doing something or pretending to be someone.
      Example: “My little brother is trying to be a superhero today.”
    • A new strategy: Refers to a different or fresh plan of action.
      Example: “My old method didn’t work, so I need a new strategy.”
    • It’s classified: Means something is a secret and not meant for public knowledge.
      Example: “Don’t ask about the project; it’s classified.”
    • Thinking about…: Expressing what is on your mind or what you are considering.
      Example: “I’m thinking about visiting the beach this weekend.”
    • Sounds much better: Used to indicate a strong preference for one option over another.
      Example: “Going for a walk sounds much better than staying home.”
    • My treat?: An offer to pay for something (like food or drinks) for yourself and others.
      Example: “Let’s go get coffee. My treat?”
    • Deal!: An enthusiastic agreement to an offer or proposal.
      Example: “You buy dinner, and I’ll buy dessert? Deal!”
    • No promises!: Used to say that you cannot guarantee something will happen.
      Example: “I’ll try to finish it by tomorrow, but no promises!”

    Grammar Points

    Here are some basic grammar points used in the dialogue:

    1. Present Continuous (for actions happening now):

      This tense describes actions that are happening at the moment of speaking or are temporary. It’s often used with words like “now,” “right now,” “today.”

      • Structure: Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing
      • Example from dialogue: “I’m thinking about ice cream.” (Bob is thinking at that moment)
      • Example from dialogue: “Are you planning a secret pigeon meeting?” (Alice is asking about a current or immediate plan)
    2. Simple Present (for habits, facts, and general truths):

      This tense describes things that happen regularly, are always true, or are facts.

      • Structure: Subject + verb (add -s/-es for he/she/it)
      • Example from dialogue: “They never see it coming.” (A general truth about pigeons and Bob’s hat)
      • Example from dialogue: “You’re always thinking about food.” (A habit or recurring behavior)
      • Example from dialogue: “Squirrels are fast.” (A general fact)
    3. Basic Question Forms: “Is that…?” and “Are you…?”

      These are common ways to ask direct questions.

      • “Is that…?”: Used to ask about a singular thing, person’s identity, or location.
        Example: “Is that really you?”
        Example: “Is that your new car?”
      • “Are you…?”: Used to ask about a person’s current state, action, or identity.
        Example: “Are you planning a secret pigeon meeting?”
        Example: “Are you hungry?”
    4. Contractions:

      These are shortened forms of words, very common in spoken English and informal writing.

      • I’m (I am) – Example: “I’m thinking about ice cream.”
      • It’s (It is) – Example: “It’s classified.”
      • You’re (You are) – Example: “You’re always thinking about food.”
      • What’s (What is) – Example: “What’s the actual plan?”
      • They’re (They are) – Example: “They’re fast.”

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Vocabulary Match

    Match the words from the dialogue with their simple definitions.

    1. Ninja
    2. Camouflage
    3. Classified
    4. Pigeons
    5. Squirrels
    1. Small, often grey birds common in cities.
    2. Secret, not for everyone to know.
    3. A person skilled in ancient Japanese martial arts and stealth.
    4. Small, bushy-tailed rodents that often climb trees.
    5. Disguise, often used to blend in with surroundings.

    Answers:

    a-3, b-5, c-2, d-1, e-4

    Exercise 2: Complete the Sentences

    Fill in the blanks with the best phrase from the list below. (Use each phrase once)

    (my treat, no promises, thinking about, deal, trying to be)

    1. He is _______ a good student.
    2. “I’ll buy the movie tickets.” “Really? _______?” “Yes, my treat!”
    3. I’m _______ pizza for dinner.
    4. “Can you help me tomorrow?” “I’ll try, but _______. I might be busy.”
    5. “I’ll help you clean if you help me cook.” “_______!”

    Answers:

    1. trying to be
    2. my treat
    3. thinking about
    4. no promises
    5. Deal

    Exercise 3: Answer the Questions

    Read the dialogue again and answer these questions in simple sentences.

    1. What was Bob trying to be behind the tree?
    2. What color is Bob’s hat?
    3. Why does Bob wear a yellow hat for camouflage?
    4. What does Bob say the pigeons bring?
    5. What do Alice and Bob decide to get at the end?

    Answers:

    1. He was trying to be a ninja.
    2. His hat is yellow.
    3. He says it’s for camouflage for pigeons.
    4. He says the pigeons bring snacks.
    5. They decide to get ice cream.

  • Festivals

    English Learning Content: Festivals

    Dialogue

    Alice: Bob, guess what? I just saw a calendar! It’s almost festival time!

    Bob: Alice! Calendar? Are you sure it wasn’t a really fancy pizza menu? You’re always thinking about food.

    Alice: Haha, very funny! No, it really said ‘Autumn Festival next month’! What’s your favorite festival?

    Bob: Oh, an autumn festival! Hmm, my favorite… definitely the ‘Sleep-in-until-noon Festival’ every weekend. It’s a classic.

    Alice: That’s not a real festival, Bob! I mean a celebration with food and music!

    Bob: Okay, okay! If I have to pick a real one, I love the Spring Blossom Festival. All the flowers are beautiful.

    Alice: Ah, the Spring Blossom Festival is lovely! My favorite is the ‘Food Truck Fiesta’ in July. So many delicious smells!

    Bob: Of course it is, Alice. Anything with ‘food’ in the name! Do you remember that time you tried to eat a whole giant pretzel by yourself?

    Alice: Hey! I almost did it! It was a festival pretzel! Anyway, what do people usually do at the Spring Blossom Festival?

    Bob: Well, they go for picnics under the trees, take lots of photos, and there’s often traditional music. It’s quite relaxing.

    Alice: Sounds nice. At the Food Truck Fiesta, people eat, listen to live bands, and sometimes there are even cooking contests.

    Bob: Cooking contests! I bet you’re always a judge, right? “Yes, this burger needs more cheese, please!”

    Alice: Maybe! Do you ever dress up for festivals?

    Bob: Sometimes! For the Halloween festival, I was a zombie last year. It was a bit messy, but fun!

    Alice: Oh, Halloween is fun! I was a witch. My hat kept falling off.

    Bob: You’d make a great witch, Alice. Just add a giant cauldron for all your festival snacks!

    Alice: Alright, Mr. Funny! Are there any festivals you don’t like?

    Bob: Hmm, I’m not a big fan of the ‘Early Morning Marathon Festival.’ Too much running, not enough eating.

    Alice: Haha, I agree! I don’t like festivals where it’s too crowded. I can’t find the food trucks!

    Bob: Priorities, Alice, priorities! So, about this Autumn Festival… what kind of food do you think they’ll have?

    Alice: Pumpkin pie, apple cider, roasted corn… My mouth is watering just thinking about it!

    Bob: Sounds like a plan! We should definitely go together. Maybe I can find a new ‘favorite festival’ that day.

    Alice: Perfect! But only if you promise not to try and eat a flower.

    Bob: Deal! Unless it’s a giant edible flower made of candy. Then all bets are off!

    Alice: You’re impossible! See you there, Bob!

    Bob: Bye, Alice! Don’t eat all the pumpkin pie before I get there!

    Current Situation

    Festivals are special events and celebrations that happen regularly in different places around the world. They are a big part of culture and community life. People celebrate festivals for many reasons: to mark a season, honor a religion, remember history, enjoy art and music, or simply to have fun and share food. Festivals often involve unique traditions, special foods, music, dancing, parades, and dressing up in costumes. They bring people together and create a sense of joy and shared experience.

    Key Phrases

    • Guess what?: Used when you want to tell someone surprising or interesting news.

      Example: Guess what? I’m going to a music festival next month!

    • Very funny!: A common way to respond to a joke, sometimes used sarcastically if the joke isn’t actually that funny.

      Example: “You look like a giant potato!” “Very funny, Bob.”

    • Favorite festival: The festival that someone likes the most.

      Example: My favorite festival is Christmas because of all the lights and food.

    • Sounds nice: Used to express that something sounds pleasant, appealing, or like a good idea.

      Example: “We’re going to the beach this weekend.” “Sounds nice!”

    • Dress up: To wear special clothes, often for a party, costume, or formal event.

      Example: Children love to dress up for Halloween in funny costumes.

    • Not a big fan of: To express that you do not particularly like something or are not enthusiastic about it.

      Example: I’m not a big fan of spicy food, so I prefer mild dishes.

    • My mouth is watering: To feel hungry and have saliva produced in the mouth, usually when thinking about delicious food.

      Example: Just thinking about freshly baked bread makes my mouth water.

    • Sounds like a plan!: Used to agree with a suggestion or idea, indicating you are happy with it.

      Example: “Let’s meet at 7 PM.” “Sounds like a plan!”

    • All bets are off: If a certain event happens, then previous agreements or plans are no longer valid.

      Example: If it rains, all bets are off for the outdoor concert.

    • You’re impossible!: A humorous way to describe someone who is difficult, unpredictable, or very playful in an endearing way.

      Example: “I bought twenty cats!” “You’re impossible, Emma!”

    Grammar Points

    1. Present Simple Tense

    We use the Present Simple tense to talk about:

    • Habits and Routines: Things you do regularly.
      Example: People go to festivals every year.
    • Facts and General Truths: Things that are always true.
      Example: The sun rises in the east.
    • Festival activities: What people generally do.
      Example: People eat, listen to music, and take photos.

    How to form it:

    • Positive: I/You/We/They + verb (base form). He/She/It + verb + -s/-es.
      Example: I like festivals. He likes festivals.
    • Negative: I/You/We/They + do not (don’t) + verb. He/She/It + does not (doesn’t) + verb.
      Example: I don’t like crowded places. She doesn’t like running.
    • Questions: Do + I/you/we/they + verb? Does + he/she/it + verb?
      Example: Do you like festivals? Does he dress up?

    2. The Verb “To Be” (am, is, are)

    The verb “to be” is one of the most important verbs in English. We use it to describe things, identify people, or talk about location.

    • Identity / Description:
      Example: My favorite festival is the Food Truck Fiesta. Halloween is fun.
    • Location / Time:
      Example: The Autumn Festival is next month.
    • Feelings / States:
      Example: My mouth is watering.

    Forms:

    • I: am
      Example: I am happy.
    • You/We/They: are
      Example: You are impossible. We are friends.
    • He/She/It: is
      Example: It is almost festival time.

    3. Modal Verb “Should”

    “Should” is used to give advice, make a suggestion, or say what is the right thing to do.

    • Advice/Suggestion:
      Example: We should definitely go together. (This is a good idea.)

    How to form it: Subject + should + base form of the verb. It is the same for all subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, they).

    • Example: You should try the pumpkin pie.
    • Example: They should not (shouldn’t) eat too much candy.

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb “to be” (am, is, are).

    1. The Autumn Festival ____ next month.
    2. I ____ not a big fan of crowded places.
    3. You ____ impossible, Bob!
    4. My favorite festival ____ the Food Truck Fiesta.
    5. We ____ friends.

    Answers:

    1. is
    2. am
    3. are
    4. is
    5. are

    Exercise 2: Choose the correct word for the blanks (Present Simple).

    1. What do people usually (do / does) at festivals?
    2. She (like / likes) pumpkin pie.
    3. I (don’t / doesn’t) like early morning events.
    4. He often (dress / dresses) up for Halloween.
    5. We (go / goes) to festivals every year.

    Answers:

    1. do
    2. likes
    3. don’t
    4. dresses
    5. go

    Exercise 3: Match the key phrase to its meaning.

    1. Guess what?
    2. Sounds like a plan!
    3. My mouth is watering.
    4. Not a big fan of.
    5. Dress up.

    Meanings:

    a. To feel hungry.

    b. To dislike something.

    c. Asking for attention before surprising news.

    d. To wear special clothes.

    e. Agreement.

    Answers:

    1-c, 2-e, 3-a, 4-b, 5-d

  • Weddings

    English Learning Content: Weddings

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hey Bob, guess what? Big news!

    Bob: What, Alice? Did you finally learn to juggle? Or win the lottery?

    Alice: (Laughs) No, silly! Remember Sarah? Our friend from college? She’s getting married!

    Bob: Wow! Really? That’s huge! Who’s the lucky guy?

    Alice: Mark! They’ve been together forever. I’m so excited for them!

    Bob: Mark, huh? Good for them! I wonder if there will be a lot of dancing. My moves are legendary.

    Alice: Of course there will be dancing! And a giant wedding cake! That’s my absolute favorite part.

    Bob: Cake is good. Very good. But the suits… do I have to wear a suit? They’re so uncomfortable, like a fancy prison.

    Alice: Bob, it’s a wedding! You have to look nice. Maybe you’ll even catch the bouquet!

    Bob: The bouquet? Isn’t that for the ladies? I’d much rather catch an extra slice of cake or a falling canapé.

    Alice: (Giggles) You’re impossible! I’m already thinking about my dress.

    Bob: Just don’t wear a white one. That’s for the bride! You don’t want to confuse people.

    Alice: I know that, Mr. Expert! Maybe a nice blue one, or a sparkly green.

    Bob: Sounds good. As long as it’s not a giant fluffy one that takes up two seats. I need my space for dancing.

    Alice: Oh, you! It’s going to be a beautiful wedding! And yes, there will be cake for you.

    Current Situation

    Weddings are special events where two people celebrate their love and officially become a married couple. Traditionally, there is a ceremony, often in a church or a special venue, where the couple “exchange vows” (make promises to each other). The bride usually wears a beautiful white “wedding dress,” and the groom wears a suit. After the ceremony, there’s often a “wedding reception” – a party with food, music, dancing, and a big “wedding cake.” Today, weddings can be very different. Some are big and traditional, while others are small, modern, or even have a unique theme. People choose many locations like beaches, gardens, or city halls. The most important part is the couple’s commitment and celebration together.

    Key Phrases

    • getting married: To become husband and wife.
      Example: My sister is getting married next month!
    • lucky guy/girl: A way to describe the person who is marrying someone special.
      Example: He’s the lucky guy who gets to marry her.
    • wedding cake: A special cake served at a wedding reception.
      Example: The wedding cake was huge and delicious.
    • catch the bouquet: A tradition where the bride throws her flowers, and the person who catches them is believed to be the next to marry.
      Example: All the single women tried to catch the bouquet.
    • wedding dress: The special dress worn by the bride.
      Example: The bride’s wedding dress was white and elegant.
    • exchange vows: To make formal promises to each other during the wedding ceremony.
      Example: They will exchange vows at the ceremony.
    • wedding reception: The party or celebration held after the wedding ceremony.
      Example: The wedding reception had great music and lots of dancing.

    Grammar Points

    • Present Continuous for Future Plans

      We use the present continuous tense (am/is/are + verb-ing) to talk about future plans that are already decided or arranged. It’s common for events like weddings, appointments, or travel.

      Example from dialogue: “She’s getting married!” (This is a definite plan.)
      Other example: “I am meeting my friends for dinner tonight.”

    • Simple Present for Facts and General Truths

      The simple present tense (base form of the verb, add -s for third person singular) is used for facts, general truths, habits, and things that happen regularly.

      Example from dialogue: “Cake is good.” (A general statement.)
      Other example: “The sun rises in the east.”

    • Modal Verb: ‘have to’ for Obligation

      We use ‘have to’ to express obligation or necessity. It means something is required or very important to do.

      Example from dialogue: “You have to look nice.” (It’s necessary to look good at a wedding.)
      Other example: “I have to go to work tomorrow.”

    • Modal Verb: ‘will’ for Future Actions/Predictions

      We use ‘will’ to talk about future actions, predictions, or spontaneous decisions.

      Example from dialogue: “I wonder if there will be a lot of dancing.” (A prediction about the future.)
      Other example: “It will rain tomorrow, I think.”

    Practice Exercises

    A. Fill in the Blanks with a Key Phrase:

    1. Sarah is _________ next month.
    2. The bride’s _________ was long and white.
    3. Bob prefers to eat the _________ rather than catch the bouquet.
    4. The party after the ceremony is called the _________.
    5. Couples _________ promises to each other.

    B. True or False (based on the dialogue):

    1. Alice learned to juggle.
    2. Sarah is getting married to Mark.
    3. Bob enjoys wearing suits.
    4. Bob thinks the wedding will be beautiful.

    C. Choose the correct word (‘is’ / ‘are’ / ‘have to’ / ‘will’):

    1. My friend _________ getting married next summer.
    2. Guests _________ wear formal clothes at the wedding.
    3. I think the food _________ be delicious.
    4. Weddings _________ special events.

    D. Answer the questions:

    1. Who is getting married in the dialogue?
    2. What is Alice’s favorite part of a wedding?
    3. What color dress does Alice think about wearing?

    Answers:

    1. A. Fill in the Blanks:
      1. getting married
      2. wedding dress
      3. wedding cake
      4. wedding reception
      5. exchange vows
    2. B. True or False:
      1. False
      2. True
      3. False
      4. True
    3. C. Choose the correct word:
      1. is
      2. have to
      3. will
      4. are
    4. D. Answer the questions:
      1. Sarah and Mark
      2. The wedding cake
      3. Blue or sparkly green

  • Birthday party

    English Learning for Beginners: Birthday Party Chatter!

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hey, Bob! Did you get an invitation for Tina’s birthday party?

    Bob: Oh, Alice! Yes, I did! It’s next Saturday, right?

    Alice: That’s the one! Are you going?

    Bob: Absolutely! Tina throws the best parties. You have to come!

    Alice: I wouldn’t miss it! But I have a problem.

    Bob: What’s up? Did you forget what to wear?

    Alice: No, silly! I can’t think of a good gift. Any ideas?

    Bob: Hmm… Last year I got her a giant inflatable flamingo. It was a hit!

    Alice: A flamingo? That’s… unique. Maybe something a bit more practical this year?

    Bob: Practical? For Tina? She loves silly things! How about a really fluffy monster-shaped hat?

    Alice: (Laughing) Bob, you’re impossible! She already has three. I was thinking of a nice book or some fancy tea.

    Bob: Oh, a book! That’s actually a good idea. Or, we could bake her a cake together!

    Alice: That sounds fun! But I’m terrible at baking. My cakes always look like lopsided volcanoes.

    Bob: No worries! I’m a baking genius! We can make a chocolate lava cake! It’ll be delicious, even if it looks like a volcano.

    Alice: (Smiling) Okay, Bob, you’re on! A joint volcano cake it is!

    Bob: Perfect! See you at the party, Alice!

    Current Situation

    Birthday parties are joyful events where friends and family gather to celebrate someone’s special day. People often bring gifts, share a cake, and enjoy food and games. It’s a great chance to show appreciation for the person celebrating their birthday. In this dialogue, Alice and Bob are discussing their plans to attend a mutual friend’s birthday and trying to decide on the perfect gift.

    Key Phrases

    • Did you get an invitation?
      Example: “Did you get an invitation for the wedding next month?”
    • Are you going?
      Example: “Are you going to the concert tonight?”
    • I wouldn’t miss it!
      Example: “My favorite band is playing! I wouldn’t miss it!”
    • What’s up? (An informal way to ask “What’s wrong?” or “What’s happening?”)
      Example: “You look worried. What’s up?”
    • I can’t think of a good gift.
      Example: “It’s my mom’s birthday next week, and I can’t think of a good gift.”
    • That sounds fun!
      Example: “Let’s go hiking this weekend!” “Oh, that sounds fun!”
    • No worries! (An informal way to say “Don’t worry” or “It’s okay”)
      Example: “I’m sorry I’m late.” “No worries, the movie hasn’t started yet.”
    • You’re on! (Used to accept a challenge, offer, or proposal)
      Example: “I bet I can beat you at chess!” “You’re on!”

    Grammar Points

    1. Talking About Future Plans: “To be” + verb-ing

    We often use the present continuous tense (form of “to be” + verb-ing) to talk about future plans, especially when they are already arranged.

    • Are you going? (Asking about a future plan)
    • I am going to the party next Saturday.

    This is common for social events, travel, and appointments.

    2. “Can” and “Can’t” for Ability

    “Can” means you have the ability to do something, while “can’t” (cannot) means you don’t.

    • I can’t think of a good gift. (I don’t have the ability to think of one right now.)
    • We can make a chocolate lava cake! (We have the ability to make one.)
    • I can bake a cake. (I have the skill.)
    • I can’t bake a cake. (I don’t have the skill.)

    3. Asking Simple Questions (Yes/No and Wh-questions)

    To ask questions, we often change the word order or use question words.

    • Yes/No Questions: Start with “Did”, “Are”, “Is”, “Do”, etc.
      • Did you get an invitation? (Answer: Yes, I did / No, I didn’t)
      • Are you going? (Answer: Yes, I am / No, I’m not)
    • Wh-questions: Start with “What”, “Where”, “Who”, “When”, “Why”, “How”.
      • What’s up? (Asking for information about a situation)
      • Any ideas? (A short way to ask “Do you have any ideas?”)

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

    Complete the sentences using words from the box: going, fun, miss, gift, worries

    1. Are you ______ to the party next week?
      Show Answer

      going

    2. I can’t think of a good ______ for my friend.
      Show Answer

      gift

    3. Let’s go to the park! That sounds ______.
      Show Answer

      fun

    4. It’s my favorite show tonight. I wouldn’t ______ it!
      Show Answer

      miss

    5. “I’m sorry I broke your pen.” “No ______!”
      Show Answer

      worries

    Exercise 2: Match the Questions and Answers

    Match each question (1-4) with its correct answer (a-d).

    1. Did you get the invitation?
    2. Are you going to the party?
    3. What’s up?
    4. Can you bake a cake?

    Answers:

    a. Yes, I did!

    b. No, I’m not good at it.

    c. I have a problem with the gift.

    d. Absolutely!

    Show Answers
    • 1. a. Yes, I did!
    • 2. d. Absolutely!
    • 3. c. I have a problem with the gift.
    • 4. b. No, I’m not good at it.

    Exercise 3: Complete the sentences using ‘can’ or ‘can’t’.

    1. I ______ speak English a little, but I ______ speak French.
      2. Show Answer

      can, can’t

    2. A baby ______ walk, but it ______ crawl.
      3. Show Answer

      can’t, can

    3. We ______ meet at 5 PM if you ______ make it earlier.
      4. Show Answer

      can, can’t

  • Weekend plans

    English for Beginners: Weekend Plans

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hi Bob! How are you? What are your plans for the weekend?
    Bob: Oh, Alice! I’m doing great, thanks. My plans? Prepare for greatness! I’m going to train my cat.
    Alice: Train your cat? What does that even mean? To fetch tiny mouse toys?
    Bob: No, no! Much more ambitious! I’m teaching him to play the piano. Or at least, press the keys with his paws. It’s a work in progress.
    Alice: (Laughing) That sounds… unique, Bob. Good luck with that! My weekend is a bit more normal.
    Bob: Normal? How boring! Tell me!
    Alice: I’m planning to finally clean my apartment. It’s a disaster zone. Then, maybe watch some movies.
    Bob: Cleaning? Movies? You’re living life on the edge, Alice! Are you sure you don’t want to join my cat’s piano recital?
    Alice: Tempting, but I think I’ll stick to my disaster zone. Maybe I’ll order pizza.
    Bob: Pizza! Now you’re talking! What kind of pizza?
    Alice: Hmm, probably pepperoni. What about you after the piano lesson?
    Bob: After the concert, I’ll need a long nap. And maybe a snack. My cat demands payment in tuna.
    Alice: Tuna for the artist, I see. Well, have a great time, Bob! And tell your cat I said “meow-sic to my ears!”
    Bob: I will, Alice! You too! Don’t work too hard cleaning.
    Alice: I’ll try not to! See you next week!
    Bob: See you!

    Current Situation

    “Weekend plans” is a very common topic when people chat, especially with friends or colleagues. It’s a natural way to show interest in someone’s life and share what you’ll be doing. People often talk about relaxing at home, doing chores, meeting friends, going out for meals, pursuing hobbies, or even just “nothing special.” It’s a light and friendly way to connect and learn more about each other’s lives outside of work or school.

    Key Phrases

    • What are your plans for the weekend?

      What are your plans for the weekend? I’m going hiking.

    • I’m planning to…

      I’m planning to visit my parents.

    • Sounds unique! (Can also be “Sounds interesting!” or “Sounds fun!”)

      Going on a hot air balloon ride? Sounds unique!

    • Good luck with that! (Often used playfully or encouragingly for a difficult task)

      You’re trying to learn to juggle? Good luck with that!

    • It’s a work in progress. (Meaning something is not yet finished or perfect)

      My cooking skills are still a work in progress.

    • I’ll stick to… (Meaning you will choose to continue with or prefer one thing over another)

      I’ll stick to coffee, thanks.

    • See you next week! / See you! (Common farewell)

      Have a great weekend! See you next week!

    Grammar Points

    1. Talking about Future Plans: ‘Be going to’ and Present Continuous

    When we talk about future plans or intentions, especially definite ones, we often use ‘be going to’ or the Present Continuous tense.

    • ‘Be going to’ + base form of the verb: Used for plans or intentions that you have decided to do.
      Example: I am going to train my cat.
      Example: Alice is going to clean her apartment.
    • Present Continuous (am/is/are + verb-ing): Also used for definite plans in the near future, especially when an arrangement has been made or when you’re talking about an activity you will be doing.
      Example: I ‘m teaching him to play the piano. (This is Bob’s plan for the weekend.)
      Example: I ‘m planning to clean my apartment. (Here, ‘planning’ is the main verb, indicating a future action.)
      Example: What are you doing this weekend? (This is a common way to ask about future plans.)

    2. Simple Present vs. Present Continuous for Actions

    • Simple Present: Used for general habits, routines, or facts.
      Example: What do you do on weekends? (Asking about typical weekend activities.)
    • Present Continuous: Used for specific actions happening now, or definite plans for the near future.
      Example: What are you doing this weekend? (Asking about *this specific* weekend’s plans.)

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

    Use am going to, is going to, are going to, or the Present Continuous form of the verb in parentheses to complete the sentences. (Both are often correct for plans!)

    1. I _______ (visit) my grandparents this Saturday.
    2. She _______ (study) for her English test all day Sunday.
    3. They _______ (watch) a movie at the cinema tonight.
    4. He _______ (start) a new hobby next month.
    5. We _______ (have) a picnic in the park if the weather is good.

    Answers:

    1. am going to visit / am visiting
    2. is going to study / is studying
    3. are going to watch / are watching
    4. is going to start / is starting
    5. are going to have / are having

    Exercise 2: Match the Phrases

    Match the phrase on the left with its best meaning or response on the right.

    1. What are your plans for the weekend?
    2. Good luck with that!
    3. It’s a work in progress.
    4. Sounds unique!
    5. I’ll stick to coffee.
    1. Something that is not finished yet.
    2. Wishing someone well in a difficult task.
    3. What will you do on Saturday and Sunday?
    4. It sounds very unusual or special.
    5. I prefer coffee and won’t change my mind.

    Answers:

    1. c
    2. b
    3. a
    4. d
    5. e

    Exercise 3: Answer the Questions

    Answer these questions based on the dialogue.

    1. What is Bob’s main plan for the weekend?
    2. What does Alice plan to do?
    3. What kind of pizza does Alice think about ordering?
    4. What does Bob say his cat demands as payment?

    Answers:

    1. He is going to train his cat to play the piano.
    2. She plans to clean her apartment, maybe watch some movies, and order pizza.
    3. She thinks about ordering pepperoni pizza.
    4. His cat demands tuna as payment.

  • Playing games

    English for Beginners: Playing Games

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hi Bob, what are you doing?

    Bob: Oh, hi Alice! I’m trying to beat this level in my new game. It’s super hard!

    Alice: Really? What game is it? Is it one of those monster-fighting games?

    Bob: Kind of! It’s ‘Dragon Slayer 3’. The dragon just ate my magic boots again!

    Alice: Haha, sounds painful for your boots! Can I watch? Maybe I can give you some ‘expert’ advice.

    Bob: You? Expert advice? Last time you played, you walked your character into a wall for five minutes!

    Alice: That was strategy! I was checking the wall for secret passages! And it was a long time ago.

    Bob: Sure, ‘strategy’. Anyway, come here. See? This big red dragon, Sparky, keeps breathing fire.

    Alice: Sparky? That’s a cute name for a fire-breathing beast!

    Bob: Don’t let the name fool you. He’s terrible! Look, I need to get the golden sword.

    Alice: Ah, the golden sword! Is it hidden in that giant mushroom?

    Bob: No, that’s just a regular, bouncy mushroom. The sword is usually near the ‘Beware of Gnomes’ sign.

    Alice: Of course! Everywhere there are gnomes, there is treasure. Classic game logic.

    Bob: Exactly! Now, if only Sparky would take a nap…

    Alice: Or if you could bribe him with a shiny coin?

    Bob: Hmm, worth a try! If I had any shiny coins left after buying these magic boots he ate!

    Current Situation

    Playing games is a very popular hobby for many people around the world. There are many different types of games. Some people like video games on computers or consoles, like PlayStation or Xbox. Others enjoy mobile games on their phones or tablets. Board games, like Chess or Monopoly, are also popular. Playing games can be a fun way to relax, challenge your mind, or spend time with friends and family, even if they are far away. Many games now allow people to play together online.

    Key Phrases

    • beat this level: I need to beat this level to finish the game.
    • super hard: This puzzle is super hard!
    • monster-fighting games: Do you like monster-fighting games or puzzle games?
    • breathing fire: The dragon is breathing fire!
    • give you some advice: Can I give you some advice for your homework?
    • secret passages: Look for secret passages in the old castle.
    • don’t let the name fool you: She looks small, but don’t let the name fool you, she’s very strong.
    • classic game logic: Collect 10 coins? That’s classic game logic!
    • take a nap: My cat loves to take a nap on the sofa.
    • bribe him with: Maybe we can bribe him with a cookie.

    Grammar Points

    1. Present Continuous

    We use the Present Continuous to talk about actions happening right now or around now.

    • Form: subject + am/is/are + verb-ing
    • Examples from dialogue:
      • “What are you doing?”
      • “I‘m trying to beat this level.”
      • “This big red dragon, Sparky, keeps breathing fire.” (Implies a continuous, repeated action)
    • More examples:
      • She is reading a book.
      • They are eating dinner.

    2. Simple Present

    We use the Simple Present to talk about habits, facts, or things that are generally true.

    • Form: subject + base verb (add -s/-es for he/she/it)
    • Examples from dialogue:
      • “The sword is usually near the ‘Beware of Gnomes’ sign.” (A general truth in the game)
      • “Everywhere there are gnomes, there is treasure.” (A general fact)
      • “Don’t let the name fool you.” (Imperative form, uses base verb)
    • More examples:
      • I play games every day.
      • Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

    3. Can / Can’t (Ability & Permission)

    We use can to talk about ability (what someone is able to do) or to ask for/give permission. We use can’t for negative ability or refusal of permission.

    • Form: subject + can/can’t + base verb
    • Examples from dialogue:
      • “Can I watch?” (Asking for permission)
      • “Maybe I can give you some ‘expert’ advice.” (Expressing possibility/ability)
    • More examples:
      • A bird can fly.
      • I can’t swim very well.

    4. Adjectives

    Adjectives are words that describe nouns (people, places, things). They tell us more about the noun’s quality, size, color, etc.

    • Position: Adjectives usually come before the noun they describe.
    • Examples from dialogue:
      • “super hard level”
      • “big red dragon”
      • “magic boots”
      • “cute name”
      • “golden sword”
      • “giant mushroom”
      • “regular, bouncy mushroom”
      • “shiny coin”
    • More examples:
      • a happy cat
      • a tall building

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Choose the correct word (Present Continuous / Simple Present)

    1. I ____ (play / am playing) a game right now.
    2. She often ____ (watches / is watching) me play.
    3. He ____ (don’t like / doesn’t like) monster games.
    4. Look! The dragon ____ (breathes / is breathing) fire!
    Answers: 1. am playing, 2. watches, 3. doesn’t like, 4. is breathing

    Exercise 2: Match the phrase with its meaning.

    1. beat this level
    2. super hard
    3. take a nap
    4. give some advice
    • a. very difficult
    • b. help someone with an idea
    • c. win a part of a game
    • d. sleep for a short time
    Answers: 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b

    Exercise 3: Complete the sentences using ‘can’ or ‘can’t’.

    1. I ____ play this game. It’s too difficult! (negative)
    2. ____ you help me? (question)
    3. Yes, I ____. I know this game! (positive)
    4. He ____ find the secret passage. (negative)
    Answers: 1. can’t, 2. Can, 3. can, 4. can’t

    Exercise 4: Create a simple sentence using these words (Adjectives).

    1. (cute) cat
    2. (big) house
    3. (golden) coin
    Answers: (Example answers)

    1. I have a cute cat.
    2. They live in a big house.
    3. He found a golden coin.

  • Books & Reading

    English Learning for Beginners: Books & Reading

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hi Bob! What’s that big book you’re carrying? Are you studying?
    Bob: Oh, hi Alice! No, not studying. This is “The Little Guide to Not Tripping Over Your Own Feet.” It’s a comedy.
    Alice: *laughs* Seriously? I thought you only read sci-fi or fantasy!
    Bob: Well, I do! But sometimes, a guy needs a good laugh. What about you? Reading anything good lately?
    Alice: I just finished a detective novel. It was full of twists! I love trying to guess the killer.
    Bob: Detective novels are fun! I always guess wrong, though. My favorite part is usually the snacks I eat while reading.
    Alice: *chuckles* That’s a valid reading strategy! Do you prefer physical books or e-books?
    Bob: Definitely physical books. I love the smell of old pages and turning them. E-books feel… too clean.
    Alice: I get that. But e-books are great for travel. You can carry a whole library!
    Bob: True. My backpack would weigh a ton if I brought all my favorite fantasy series.
    Alice: Speaking of fantasy, have you read “Dragon’s Breath and Teacups”? It’s hilarious! Dragons trying to host a tea party.
    Bob: Dragons and teacups? That sounds like my kind of weird! I’ll add it to my reading list.
    Alice: You should! It’s much better than that “Not Tripping Over Your Own Feet” guide.
    Bob: Hey! It has a 4-star rating! And it’s helping me. I only tripped twice yesterday.
    Alice: Progress! Maybe next week you’ll be reading “Advanced Parkour for Beginners.”
    Bob: Don’t push it, Alice. One comedy guide at a time!

    Current Situation

    In today’s world, reading is still a very popular activity, even with many digital distractions. People read for many reasons: to learn new things, to relax, to escape into different worlds, or to follow exciting stories. Some prefer traditional paper books, enjoying the feel and smell of the pages. Others choose e-readers or tablets, which are convenient for carrying many books and reading on the go. There are countless types of books, from thrilling detective stories and magical fantasy adventures to funny comedies, inspiring biographies, and educational non-fiction. Whether you like to read quietly at home or listen to audiobooks during your commute, there’s a book out there for everyone.

    Key Phrases

    • What’s that…?
      Alice: What’s that big book you’re carrying?
      Example: What’s that delicious smell coming from the kitchen?
    • Are you (doing something)?
      Alice: Are you studying?
      Example: Are you coming to the party tonight?
    • I thought you only read (genre/type).
      Alice: I thought you only read sci-fi or fantasy!
      Example: I thought you only ate vegetables, but you’re having steak!
    • Reading anything good lately?
      Bob: Reading anything good lately?
      Example: Have you been watching anything good lately?
    • It was full of (something)!
      Alice: It was full of twists!
      Example: The movie was full of surprises.
    • Do you prefer A or B?
      Alice: Do you prefer physical books or e-books?
      Example: Do you prefer coffee or tea in the morning?
    • I get that. (meaning: I understand/agree with that)
      Alice: I get that.
      Example: It’s hard to wake up early sometimes. I get that.
    • Add it to my reading list. (or “to my list”)
      Bob: I’ll add it to my reading list.
      Example: That restaurant sounds good, I’ll add it to my list.

    Grammar Points

    1. Present Simple Tense

    We use the Present Simple to talk about habits, routines, facts, and things that are generally true.

    • Structure: Subject + Verb (add -s/-es for he/she/it)
    • Examples from dialogue:
      • “I thought you only read sci-fi.” (habit)
      • “I love the smell of old pages.” (general truth/preference)
    • Questions: We use “Do” or “Does”.
      • “Do you prefer physical books?”

    2. Present Continuous Tense

    We use the Present Continuous to talk about actions happening now or around the present time.

    • Structure: Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing
    • Examples from dialogue:
      • “What’s that big book you’re carrying?”
      • “Are you studying?”
      • “Reading anything good lately?” (short for “Are you reading…”)

    3. “Do you prefer… or…?”

    This is a common way to ask someone to choose between two options.

    • Structure: Do you prefer [option A] or [option B]?
    • Example: “Do you prefer coffee or tea?”

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

    Complete the sentences using words from the box below.

    (reading, prefer, carrying, finished, studying, full)

    1. What’s that big book you’re _________?
    2. Are you _________ for an exam?
    3. I just _________ a great detective novel.
    4. The story was _________ of exciting twists.
    5. Do you _________ e-books or paper books?
    6. Alice asked Bob if he was _________ anything good lately.

    1. carrying
    2. studying
    3. finished
    4. full
    5. prefer
    6. reading

    Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Tense

    Choose the correct form of the verb (Present Simple or Present Continuous).

    1. Bob (read / is reading) “The Little Guide to Not Tripping Over Your Own Feet” right now.
    2. Alice always (like / likes) detective novels.
    3. What (do / are) you (do / doing) this evening?
    4. I often (go / am going) to the library.
    5. (Do / Are) you (read / reading) a new book every week?

    1. is reading
    2. likes
    3. are doing
    4. go
    5. Do read

    Exercise 3: Answer the Questions about the Dialogue

    1. What kind of book is Bob carrying?
    2. What kind of books does Alice like?
    3. Does Bob prefer physical books or e-books?
    4. What is the funny fantasy book Alice recommends?

    1. He is carrying “The Little Guide to Not Tripping Over Your Own Feet” (a comedy).
    2. She likes detective novels and funny fantasy books.
    3. He prefers physical books.
    4. “Dragon’s Breath and Teacups”.

  • Movies & TV

    English Learning: Movies & TV

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hey Bob, what are you up to?

    Bob: Hi Alice! Just thinking about movies. You know, my favorite one, ‘Attack of the Killer Tomatoes’?

    Alice: Oh, *that* movie? Bob, we talked about this! It’s… a classic, if you like flying vegetables.

    Bob: But it’s art! The suspense! The drama! The *tomatoes*!

    Alice: I think my cat makes more suspenseful films when it chases a laser pointer. Have you seen ‘The Cat Who Could Fly’ on Catflix?

    Bob: Catflix? Is that even real? I thought you liked serious dramas!

    Alice: I do! But sometimes, you need a break. ‘The Cat Who Could Fly’ has amazing special effects for a cat. And no killer tomatoes.

    Bob: Fine, fine. But what about that new superhero movie? ‘Captain Awesome vs. The Giant Rubber Duck’?

    Alice: I saw the trailer! It looks… interesting. Is the duck the hero or the villain?

    Bob: Both! It’s a complicated relationship. Maybe we should watch it together this weekend?

    Alice: Only if you promise to stop talking about ‘Killer Tomatoes’ for a whole hour.

    Bob: Deal! And maybe we can watch ‘The Cat Who Could Fly’ afterward? Just for research.

    Alice: Hmm, that’s a tough negotiation, Bob. But okay! Popcorn’s on me.

    Bob: Awesome! I’ll bring the… uh… tomato juice? Just kidding!

    Alice: Bob!

    Current Situation

    Movies and TV shows are a huge part of global entertainment today. We can watch them in many ways. Most people use streaming services like Netflix, Disney+, Hulu, or Amazon Prime Video to watch TV shows and movies at home whenever they want. There are thousands of options, from action movies and comedies to serious dramas, documentaries, and animated films for all ages. You can also still go to a cinema (movie theater) to see new films on a big screen with many other people. People often talk about their favorite shows and movies with friends, just like Alice and Bob!

    Key Phrases

    • What are you up to? – A casual way to ask someone what they are doing or planning.
      Example: “Hey, what are you up to this evening?”
    • We talked about this! – Used to express mild frustration or surprise when someone brings up an old topic or idea that was already discussed.
      Example: “We talked about this! You said you’d help me clean.”
    • It’s art! – A humorous or emphatic way to describe something you love, often when others might not understand why.
      Example: “Some people call my messy room chaos, but for me, it’s art!”
    • Is that even real? – Used to express disbelief or surprise about something.
      Example: “A flying car? Is that even real?”
    • For a whole hour. – Specifies a duration, emphasizing that it’s a complete hour.
      Example: “I waited for a whole hour for the bus.”
    • That’s a tough negotiation. – A playful way to say that reaching an agreement will be difficult or requires some compromise.
      Example: “You want the last piece of cake *and* the remote? Hmm, that’s a tough negotiation!”
    • Popcorn’s on me. – Means “I will pay for the popcorn.” It’s an offer to treat someone.
      Example: “Let’s go get coffee, the coffee’s on me!”
    • Just kidding! – Used after saying something humorous or not serious to indicate it was a joke.
      Example: “I ate all your cookies! Just kidding, they’re in the cupboard.”
    • Watch it together. – To suggest viewing something with another person or group.
      Example: “Let’s watch this funny video together.”
    • Saw the trailer. – To have seen a short preview (advertisement) for a movie or TV show.
      Example: “I saw the trailer for the new action movie, it looks exciting!”

    Grammar Points

    1. Present Simple Tense

    We use the Present Simple for facts, habits, and general truths. It’s often used when talking about preferences or things that are generally true.

    • Structure: Subject + Verb (add ‘s’ or ‘es’ for third person singular: he, she, it)
    • Examples from dialogue:
      • “I think my cat makes more suspenseful films.” (Fact/Opinion)
      • “I do! But sometimes, you need a break.” (Habit/General truth)
      • “It looks… interesting.” (General observation)

    2. Present Continuous Tense

    We use the Present Continuous for actions happening now, at this moment, or temporary situations.

    • Structure: Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing
    • Examples from dialogue:
      • “What are you up to?” (What are you doing now?)
      • “Just thinking about movies.” (Action happening now)

    3. Modal Verbs: ‘Should’, ‘Can’ and ‘Will’

    Modal verbs add extra meaning to the main verb, like possibility, advice, or future action.

    • Should: Used for advice or suggestions.
      • Example: “Maybe we should watch it together this weekend?” (Suggestion)
    • Can: Used for ability or possibility.
      • Example: “The Cat Who Could Fly” (Past ability/Possibility in a title) – In the present, it would be “The cat *can* fly.”
    • Will: Used for future intentions, predictions, or promises.
      • Example: “I’ll bring the… tomato juice?” (Future intention)
      • “Popcorn’s on me.” (Short for “Popcorn will be on me” – A promise/offer)

    4. Prepositions of Time and Place

    Prepositions show relationships between words, like location or time.

    • On:
      • “on me” (responsibility): “Popcorn’s on me.” (I will pay for it.)
      • “on Catflix” (platform/place): “Have you seen ‘The Cat Who Could Fly’ on Catflix?”
    • This weekend (time): “Maybe we should watch it together this weekend?”

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks (Key Phrases)

    Complete the sentences using the key phrases from the list above. Some phrases might be used more than once.

    1. “I cooked dinner tonight, so the dishes are _______________!”
    2. After an argument, Sarah said, “But _______________! I said sorry!”
    3. Mark asked, “Are you busy? _______________?”
    4. “Wow, you got a new car? _______________!?”
    5. “Let’s _______________ tonight, I have a great movie.”
    6. My sister said the painting was ugly, but I think _______________.
    7. “I waited _______________ for the concert tickets.”
    8. “You want me to clean your room *and* do your homework? _______________!”
    9. “I already _______________ for the new superhero movie, it looks amazing!”
    10. “I’m not really mad, _______________!”

    Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Verb Form (Grammar)

    Select the correct verb form (Present Simple or Present Continuous) to complete each sentence.

    1. I usually (watch / am watching) comedies.
    2. Look! The cat (chase / is chasing) a laser pointer right now.
    3. She always (thinks / is thinking) about new movie ideas.
    4. What (do you do / are you doing) this evening?
    5. My brother (doesn’t like / isn’t liking) scary movies.

    Exercise 3: Answer the Questions

    Answer these questions based on the dialogue or your own preferences.

    1. What is Bob’s favorite movie?
    2. What kind of movie does Alice suggest as a break from serious dramas?
    3. What do Alice and Bob decide to watch together?
    4. What is your favorite type of movie or TV show?
    5. Do you prefer watching movies at home or at the cinema? Why?

    Answers

    Answers for Exercise 1:

    1. on me
    2. we talked about this
    3. What are you up to
    4. Is that even real
    5. watch it together
    6. it’s art
    7. for a whole hour
    8. That’s a tough negotiation
    9. saw the trailer
    10. Just kidding

    Answers for Exercise 2:

    1. I usually watch comedies.
    2. Look! The cat is chasing a laser pointer right now.
    3. She always thinks about new movie ideas.
    4. What are you doing this evening?
    5. My brother doesn’t like scary movies.

    Answers for Exercise 3:

    1. Bob’s favorite movie is ‘Attack of the Killer Tomatoes’.
    2. Alice suggests ‘The Cat Who Could Fly’.
    3. They decide to watch ‘Captain Awesome vs. The Giant Rubber Duck’ and maybe ‘The Cat Who Could Fly’ afterward.
    4. (Your personal answer, e.g., “My favorite type of movie is action films.” or “I like watching comedy TV shows.”)
    5. (Your personal answer, e.g., “I prefer watching movies at home because it’s more comfortable.” or “I like the cinema for the big screen and sound.”)

  • Music & instruments

    English Learning: Music & Instruments

    Dialogue

    Alice: Hi Bob, what are you listening to? Sounds… interesting.

    Bob: Oh, hey Alice! It’s my new favorite band, ‘Screaming Squirrels’! They make avant-garde noise music.

    Alice: Screaming Squirrels? Bob, are you serious? My ears are crying.

    Bob: Come on, it’s genius! Very experimental. What about you? Still listening to pop?

    Alice: Pop is great! And yes, I’m trying to learn the ukulele.

    Bob: The ukulele? That tiny guitar? Are you planning a Hawaiian vacation?

    Alice: No! It’s cute and easy to carry. But my fingers hurt. And I sound like a cat stepping on strings.

    Bob: (laughs) I can imagine! I tried playing the drums once. My neighbors did not appreciate my rhythm.

    Alice: I bet! Did you have a drum set?

    Bob: Just a few pots and pans, a wooden spoon… and a very patient dog.

    Alice: That explains the “noise” part. So, what’s your favorite instrument to listen to?

    Bob: Definitely the electric guitar. It’s so cool. Like a rock star!

    Alice: I like the piano. It sounds beautiful and elegant.

    Bob: We have very different tastes, Alice. From screaming squirrels to elegant pianos!

    Alice: That’s why we’re friends, Bob! We balance each other out. And maybe you can teach me to appreciate screaming squirrels one day.

    Bob: (chuckles) Maybe. But first, let’s get you sounding less like a distressed feline on your ukulele!

    Current Situation

    Music is everywhere today! Most people listen to music using streaming services on their phones or computers. There are so many different kinds of music, from pop and rock to classical and hip-hop. Many people still love traditional instruments like the guitar, piano, and drums. But new digital instruments and music-making software are also very popular. It’s easy to discover new artists and different types of music from all over the world. Learning to play an instrument is still a fun hobby, and you can even find online lessons!

    Key Phrases

    • Sounds interesting: Used when something is unique or a bit strange.

      Example: My friend bought a purple car. Sounds interesting!

    • Are you serious?: Used to ask if someone is telling the truth, often when surprised.

      Example: He ate five pizzas? Are you serious?

    • Come on: Used to encourage someone or express mild disbelief/impatience.

      Example: Come on, it’s not that difficult! Try again.

    • I can imagine!: Used to say you understand how someone feels or what something is like, without experiencing it yourself.

      Example: My vacation was very long. I can imagine! You must be tired.

    • Did not appreciate: To not like or value something.

      Example: My neighbors did not appreciate my loud party last night.

    • I bet!: A casual way to say you strongly agree or expect something to be true.

      Example: That movie was scary! I bet! I hate horror films.

    • Balance each other out: To make something even or harmonious by having different qualities or strengths.

      Example: My sister is very calm, and I am energetic. We balance each other out.

    Grammar Points

    1. Present Simple

    We use the Present Simple for facts, habits, general truths, and opinions.

    • Structure: Subject + Base Verb (or Verb + -s/es for he/she/it)
    • Examples from dialogue:
      “Pop is great!”
      “My fingers hurt.”
      “I like the piano.”
      “We have very different tastes.”
    • More examples:
      She plays the guitar every day.
      They listen to music.

    2. Present Continuous

    We use the Present Continuous for actions happening right now or temporary actions.

    • Structure: Subject + am/is/are + Verb + -ing
    • Examples from dialogue:
      “What are you listening to?”
      “My ears are crying.”
      “I‘m trying to learn the ukulele.”
    • More examples:
      I am studying English right now.
      They are playing football in the park.

    3. Can (for ability)

    We use Can to express ability or possibility.

    • Structure: Subject + can + Base Verb
    • Example from dialogue:
      “you can teach me to appreciate screaming squirrels.”
    • More examples:
      I can play the piano.
      She can sing very well.

    4. Past Simple Questions with “Did”

    We use Did to ask about completed actions in the past.

    • Structure: Did + Subject + Base Verb?
    • Example from dialogue:
      “Did you have a drum set?”
    • More examples:
      Did you go to the concert last night?
      Did she buy a new guitar?

    Practice Exercises

    Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks (Key Phrases)

    Complete the sentences using a key phrase from the list above.

    1. A: I tried to cook a very strange dish. B: Really? __________.
    2. My brother plays the trumpet very loudly. Our dog __________ it.
    3. A: I worked all day! B: __________! You must be tired.
    4. He only listens to classical music. I only like rock. We really __________.
    5. A: I saw a talking cat! B: __________?

    Exercise 2: Choose the Correct Verb Form (Grammar)

    Select the correct form of the verb in parentheses.

    1. She (play / plays) the violin beautifully.
    2. What (you listen / are you listening) to right now?
    3. I (can / am can) sing, but I (cannot / don’t can) play an instrument.
    4. (Did you watch / You watched) the music video yesterday?
    5. My mom (love / loves) old rock music.

    Exercise 3: Match the Instrument to its Sound/Description

    Draw a line or write the letter next to the correct instrument.

    • Piano: _______
    • Ukulele: _______
    • Drums: _______
    • Electric Guitar: _______

    A. Often used in rock bands, played with sticks.

    B. Has black and white keys, can sound beautiful and elegant.

    C. A small, four-stringed instrument, often associated with Hawaiian music.

    D. Plugged into an amplifier, makes loud rock sounds.

    Exercise 4: Answer the Questions about the Dialogue

    Read the dialogue again and answer the following questions in complete sentences.

    1. What kind of music does Bob like at the beginning of the dialogue?
    2. What instrument is Alice trying to learn?
    3. What did Bob use as “drums”?
    4. What is Alice’s favorite instrument to listen to?

    Answers

    Answers for Exercise 1:

    1. Sounds interesting.
    2. did not appreciate
    3. I bet!
    4. balance each other out
    5. Are you serious?

    Answers for Exercise 2:

    1. plays
    2. are you listening
    3. can, cannot
    4. Did you watch
    5. loves

    Answers for Exercise 3:

    • Piano: B
    • Ukulele: C
    • Drums: A
    • Electric Guitar: D

    Answers for Exercise 4:

    1. Bob likes avant-garde noise music by ‘Screaming Squirrels’.
    2. Alice is trying to learn the ukulele.
    3. Bob used pots and pans and a wooden spoon as “drums”.
    4. Alice’s favorite instrument to listen to is the piano.